J.P. Euzéby: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature

Approved Lists of Bacterial Names

The Approved Lists of Bacterial Names contain all the bacterial names having standing in nomenclature on 1 January 1980 and they set a new starting point in bacterial nomenclature [Rule 24a].
"When bacteriologists agreed to make a new start in bacteriological nomenclature, they were faced with tens of thousands of names in the literature of the past. Except for about 2,500 names, it was impossible to tell exactly what bacteria they referred to. These 2,500 were therefore retained in the Approved Lists. The names are only approved in the sense that they were approved for retention in the new bacteriological nomenclature" [Sneath and Brenner, 1992]. "Hence, we have the "Approved Lists of Bacterial Names" and not "Lists of Approved Bacterial Names" as the title" [Sneath, 1989].

The Approved Lists of Bacterial Names consist of two lists which were published on 1 January 1980 in the International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology:
. a list for names of taxa above the rank of genus;
. a list for names of genera, species and subspecies.

Despite every care, errors in the text have been detected and many of these errors have been corrected in the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names (Amended Edition) published in1989.

References:

SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol.,1980, 30, 225-420. Available on the Internet

SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Amended edition. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, 1989. Available on the Internet

SKERMAN (P.H.A.): Preface. In: V.B.D. Skerman, V. McGowan and P.H.A. Sneath, Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Amended edition. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, 1989. Available on the Internet

SNEATH (P.H.A.) and BRENNER (D.J.): "Official" nomenclature lists. ASM News, 1992, 58, 175. Available on the Internet

Some corrections not included in the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names (Amended Edition), and some comments are also listed below.

A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L- M - N - O - P - R - S - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z

A

Acetobacter Beijerinck 1898, genus. - Type species: Acetobacter aceti.

Acetobacter aceti (Pasteur 1864) Beijerinck 1898, species. - Type strain: NCIB 8621.

Acetobacter aceti subsp. aceti (Pasteur 1864) De Ley and Frateur 1974, subspecies. - Type strain: NCIB 8621.

Acetobacter aceti subsp. liquefaciens (Asai 1935) De Ley and Frateur 1974, subspecies. - Type strain: IAM 1834.

Acetobacter aceti subsp. orleanensis (Henneberg 1906) De Ley and Frateur 1974, subspecies. - Type strain: ATCC 12876.

Acetobacter aceti subsp. xylinus (Brown 1886) De Ley and Frateur 1974, subspecies. - Type strain: ATCC 23767.
Note: The original spelling, Acetobacter aceti subsp. xylinum (sic), has been corrected on page 108 of the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria (1990 Revision). See also: Judicial Opinion 3 and Rule 12c (1).

Acetobacter pasteurianus (Hansen 1879) Beijerinck and Folpmers 1916, species. - Type strain: LMD 22.1.

Acetobacter pasteurianus subsp. ascendens (Henneberg 1898) De Ley and Frateur 1974, subspecies. - Type strain: LMD 51.1.

Acetobacter pasteurianus subsp. estunensis (Carr 1958) De Ley and Frateur 1974, subspecies. - Type strain: ATCC 23753.

Acetobacter pasteurianus subsp. lovaniensis (Frateur 1950) De Ley and Frateur 1974, subspecies. - Type strain: ATCC 12875.

Acetobacter pasteurianus subsp. paradoxus (Frateur 1950) De Ley and Frateur 1974, subspecies. - Type strain: LMD 53.6.

Acetobacter pasteurianus subsp. pasteurianus (Hansen 1879) De Ley and Frateur 1974, subspecies. - Type strain: LMD 22.1.

Acetobacter peroxydans Visser't Hooft 1925, species. - Type strain: ATCC 12874.

Acetobactereae Pribram 1929, tribus. - Type genus: Acetobacter.

Acetobacterium Balch et al. 1977, genus. - Type species: Acetobacterium woodii.

Acetobacterium woodii Balch et al. 1977, species. - Type strain: ATCC 29683.

Acholeplasma Edward and Freundt 1970, genus. - Type species: Acholeplasma laidlawii.

Acholeplasma axanthum Tully and Razin 1970, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25176.

Acholeplasma equifetale Kirchoff 1974, species. - Type strain: ATCC 29724.

Acholeplasma granularum (Switzer 1964) Edward and Freundt 1970, species. - Type strain: ATCC 19168.

Acholeplasma hippikon Kirchoff 1974, species. - Type strain: ATCC 29725.

Acholeplasma laidlawii (Sabin 1941) Edward and Freundt 1970, species. - Type strain: ATCC 23206.
Note: On the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names, and on the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names (Amended Edition), this taxon is incorrectly cited as Acholeplasma laidlawii (Freundt 1955 [sic]) Edward and Freundt 1970. - Reference: TULLY (J.G.): Genus I. Acholeplasma Edward and Freundt 1970, 1AL. In: N.R. KRIEG and J.G. HOLT (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, vol. 1, The Williams & Wilkins Co, Baltimore, 1984, p. 775-781.

Acholeplasma modicum Leach 1973, species. - Type strain: ATCC 29102.

Acholeplasma oculi Al-Aubaidi et al. 1973, species. - Type strain: ATCC 27350.

Acholeplasmataceae Edward and Freundt 1970, familia. - Type genus: Acholeplasma.

Achromatiaceae Massart 1901, familia. - Type genus: Achromatium.

Achromatium Schewiakoff 1893, genus. - Type species: Achromatium oxaliferum.

Achromatium oxaliferum Schewiakoff 1893, species. - Type strain: no culture isolated.

Acidaminococcus Rogosa 1969, genus. - Type species: Acidaminococcus fermentans.

Acidaminococcus fermentans Rogosa 1969, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25085.

Acinetobacter Brisou and Prévot 1954, genus. - Type species: Acinetobacter calcoaceticus.

Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (Beijerinck 1911) Baumann et al. 1968, species. - Type strain: ATCC 23055.

Acinetobacter lwoffii (Audureau 1940) Brisou and Prévot 1954, species. - Type strain: ATCC 15309.

Actinobacillus Brumpt 1910, genus. - Type species: Actinobacillus lignieresii.

Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Klinger 1912) Topley and Wilson 1929, species. - Type strain: NCTC 9710.

Actinobacillus capsulatus Arseculeratne 1962, species. - Type strain: Frederiksen P243.

Actinobacillus equuli (van Straaten 1918) Haupt 1934, species. - Type strain: ATCC 19392.

Actinobacillus lignieresii Brumpt 1910, species. - Type strain: NCTC 4189.

Actinobacillus suis van Dorssen and Jaartsveld 1962, species. - Type strain: CCM 5586.

Actinomadura Lechevalier and Lechevalier 1968, genus. - Type species: Actinomadura madurae.

Actinomadura africana Preobrazhenskaya and Sveshnikova 1974, species. - Type strain: INA 1839.

Actinomadura aurantiaca Lavrova and Preobrazhenskaya 1975, species. - Type strain: INA 1933.

Actinomadura carminata Gauze et al. 1973, species. - Type strain: INA 4281.

Actinomadura citrea Lavrova et al. 1972, species. - Type strain: ATCC 27887.

Actinomadura coerulea Preobrazhenskaya et al. 1975, species. - Type strain: INA 765.

Actinomadura coeruleofusca Preobrazhenskaya and Sveshnikova 1974, species. - Type strain: INA 1335.

Actinomadura cremea Preobrazhenskaya et al. 1975, species. - Type strain: INA 292.

Actinomadura fastidiosa Soina et al. 1975, species. - Type strain: INMI 104.

Actinomadura flava Gauze et al. 1974, species. - Type strain: ATCC 29533.

Actinomadura helvata Nonomura and Ohara 1971, species. - Type strain: ATCC 27295.

Actinomadura livida Lavrova and Preobrazhenskaya 1975, species. - Type strain: INA 1678.

Actinomadura longispora Preobrazhenskaya and Sveshnikova 1974, species. - Type strain: INA 10222.

Actinomadura luteofluorescens (Shinobu 1962) Preobrazhenskaya et al. 1975, species. - Type strain: IFO 13057.

Actinomadura madurae (Vincent 1894) Lechevalier and Lechevalier 1968, species. - Type strain: NCTC 5654.

Actinomadura malachitica Lavrova et al. 1972, species. - Type strain: ATCC 27888.

Actinomadura pelletieri (Laveran 1906) Lechevalier and Lechevalier 1968, species. - Type strain: NCTC 4162.

Actinomadura pusilla Nonomura and Ohara 1971, species. - Type strain: ATCC 27296.

Actinomadura roseola Lavrova and Preobrazhenskaya 1975, species. - Type strain: INA 1671.

Actinomadura roseoviolacea Nonomura and Ohara 1971, species. - Type strain: ATCC 27297.

Actinomadura rubra (Sveshnikova et al. 1969) Meyer and Sveshnikova 1974, species. - Type strain: ATCC 27031.

Actinomadura salmonea Preobrazhenskaya et al. 1975, species. - Type strain: INA 2488.

Actinomadura spadix Nonomura and Ohara 1971, species. - Type strain: ATCC 27298.

Actinomadura verrucosospora Nonomura and Ohara 1971, species. - Type strain: ATCC 27299.

Actinomadura vinacea Lavrova and Preobrazhenskaya 1975, species. - Type strain: INA 1682.

Actinomyces Harz 1877, genus. - Type species: Actinomyces bovis.

Actinomyces bovis Harz 1877, species. - Type strain: ATCC 13683.

Actinomyces humiferus Gledhill and Casida 1969, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25174.

Actinomyces israelii (Kruse 1896) Lachner-Sandoval 1898, species. - Type strain: ATCC 12102.

Actinomyces naeslundii Thompson and Lovestedt 1951, species. - Type strain: ATCC 12104.

Actinomyces odontolyticus Batty 1958, species. - Type strain: ATCC 17929.

Actinomyces viscosus (Howell et al. 1965) Georg et al. 1969, species. - Type strain: ATCC 15987.

Actinomycetaceae Buchanan 1918, familia. - Type genus: Actinomyces.

Actinomycetales Buchanan 1917, ordo. - Type genus: Actinomyces.

Actinomycetes Krasil'nikov 1949, classis. - Type order: not given.
Note: According to Rules 15, 22 and 27(3), the class Actinomycetes is illegitimate because it was proposed without the designation of a nomenclatural type. - Reference: EUZÉBY (J.P.) and TINDALL (B.J.): Nomenclatural type of orders: corrections necessary according to Rules 15 and 21a of the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision), and designation of appropriate nomenclatural types of classes and subclasses. Request for an Opinion. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 2001, 51, 725-727.

Actinoplanaceae Couch 1955, familia. - Type genus: Actinoplanes.

Actinoplanes Couch 1950, genus. - Type species: Actinoplanes philippinensis.

Actinoplanes armeniacus Kalakoutskii and Kusnetsov 1964, species. - Type strain: ATCC 15676.

Actinoplanes brasiliensis Thiemann et al. 1969, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25844.

Actinoplanes deccanensis Parenti et al. 1975, species. - Type strain: ATCC 21983.

Actinoplanes ferrugineus Palleroni 1979, species. - Type strain: ATCC 29868.
Note: On the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names, this nomenclatural name is incorrectly cited as Actinoplanes ferrugineus Palleroni 1978 (sic). - Reference: HILL (L.R.), SKERMAN (V.B.D.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.): Corrigenda to the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names edited for the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1984, 34, 508-511.

Actinoplanes italicus Beretta 1973, species. - Type strain: ATCC 27366.

Actinoplanes missouriensis Couch 1963, species. - Type strain: ATCC 14538.

Actinoplanes philippinensis Couch 1950, species. - Type strain: ATCC 12427.

Actinoplanes rectilineatus Lechevalier and Lechevalier 1975, species. - Type strain: ATCC 29234.

Actinoplanes utahensis Couch 1963, species. - Type strain: ATCC 14539.

Actinopolyspora Gochnauer et al. 1975, genus. - Type species: Actinopolyspora halophila.

Actinopolyspora halophila Gochnauer et al. 1975, species. - Type strain: ATCC 27976.

Actinopycnidium Krasil'nikov 1962, genus. - Type species: Actinopycnidium caeruleum.

Actinopycnidium caeruleum Krasil'nikov 1962, species. - Type strain: ATCC 15719.

Actinosporangium Krasil'nikov and Yuan 1961, genus. - Type species: Actinosporangium violaceum.

Actinosporangium violaceum Krasil'nikov and Yuan 1961, species. - Type strain: ATCC 15813.

Actinosynnema Hasegawa et al. 1978, genus. - Type species: Actinosynnema mirum.

Actinosynnema mirum Hasegawa et al. 1978, species. - Type strain: IMRU 3971.

Aegyptianella Carpano 1929, genus. - Type species: Aegyptianella pullorum.

Aegyptianella pullorum Carpano 1929, species. - Type strain: no culture isolated.

Aerococcus Williams et al. 1953, genus. - Type species: Aerococcus viridans.

Aerococcus viridans Williams et al. 1953, species. - Type strain: NCTC 8251.

Aeromonas Stanier 1943, genus. - Type species: Aeromonas hydrophila.
Note: On the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names and on the amended edition of the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names, in contravention of the Judicial Opinion 48, this nomenclatural name is incorrectly cited as Aeromonas Kluyver and van Niel 1936 (sic). - References: 1 LAPAGE (S.P.), SNEATH (P.H.A.), LESSEL (E.F.), SKERMAN (V.B.D.), SEELIGER (H.P.R.) and CLARK (W.A.): International code of nomenclature of bacteria (1990 revision), American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C., 1992, p. 105. 2 EUZÉBY (J.P.): Necessary corrections according to Judicial Opinions 16, 48 and 52. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1998, 48, 613.

Aeromonas hydrophila (Chester 1901) Stanier 1943, species. - Type strain: ATCC 7966.

Aeromonas hydrophila subsp. anaerogenes Schubert 1964, subspecies. - Type strain: ATCC 15467.

Aeromonas hydrophila subsp. hydrophila (Chester 1901) Schubert 1969, subspecies. - Type strain: ATCC 7966.
Note: The original autorship, (Chester 1901) Stanier 1943, was corrected according to the new Rule 40d.
Reference: GARRITY (G.M.), LABEDA (D.P.) and OREN (A.): Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes. XIIth International (IUMS) Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology. Minutes of the meetings, 3, 4 and 6 August 2008, Istanbul, Turkey. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2011, 61, 2775-2780.
Original article in IJSEM Online

Aeromonas hydrophila subsp. proteolytica (Merkel et al. 1964) Schubert 1969, subspecies. - Type strain: ATCC 15338.

Aeromonas punctata (Zimmermann 1890) Snieszko 1957, species. - Type strain: ATCC 15468.

Aeromonas punctata subsp. caviae (Scherago 1936) Schubert 1964, subspecies. - Type strain: ATCC 15468.

Aeromonas punctata subsp. punctata (Zimmermann 1890) Schubert 1964, subspecies. - Type strain: ATCC 15468.
Note: The original autorship, (Zimmermann 1890) Snieszko 1957, was corrected according to the new Rule 40d.
Reference: GARRITY (G.M.), LABEDA (D.P.) and OREN (A.): Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes. XIIth International (IUMS) Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology. Minutes of the meetings, 3, 4 and 6 August 2008, Istanbul, Turkey. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2011, 61, 2775-2780.
Original article in IJSEM Online

Aeromonas salmonicida (Lehmann and Neumann 1896) Griffin et al. 1953, species. - Type strain: NCMB 1102.

Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. achromogenes (Smith 1963) Schubert 1967, subspecies. - Type strain: NCMB 1110.

Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. masoucida Kimura 1969, subspecies. - Type strain: ATCC 27013.

Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida (Lehmann and Neumann 1896) Schubert 1967, subspecies. - Type strain: NCMB 1102.
Note: The original autorship, (Lehmann and Neumann 1896) Griffin et al. 1953, was corrected according to the new Rule 40d.
Reference: GARRITY (G.M.), LABEDA (D.P.) and OREN (A.): Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes. XIIth International (IUMS) Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology. Minutes of the meetings, 3, 4 and 6 August 2008, Istanbul, Turkey. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2011, 61, 2775-2780.
Original article in IJSEM Online

Agrobacterium Conn 1942, genus. - Type species: Agrobacterium tumefaciens.

Agrobacterium radiobacter (Beijerinck and van Delden 1902) Conn 1942, species. - Type strain: ATCC 19358.

Agrobacterium rhizogenes (Riker et al. 1930) Conn 1942, species. - Type strain: ATCC 11325.

Agrobacterium rubi (Hildebrand 1940) Starr and Weiss 1943, species. - Type strain: ATCC 13335.

Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Smith and Townsend 1907) Conn 1942, species. - Type strain: ATCC 23308.

Agromyces Gledhill and Casida 1969, genus. - Type species: Agromyces ramosus.

Agromyces ramosus Gledhill and Casida 1969, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25173.

Alcaligenes Castellani and Chalmers 1919, genus. - Type species: Alcaligenes faecalis.

Alcaligenes aestus Baumann et al. 1972, species. - Type strain: ATCC 27128.

Alcaligenes aquamarinus (ZoBell and Upham 1944) Hendrie et al. 1974, species. - Type strain: ATCC 14400.

Alcaligenes cupidus Baumann et al. 1972, species. - Type strain: ATCC 27124.

Alcaligenes eutrophus Davis 1969, species. - Type strain: ATCC 17697.

Alcaligenes faecalis Castellani and Chalmers 1919, species. - Type strain: ATCC 8750.

Alcaligenes latus Palleroni and Palleroni 1978, species. - Type strain: ATCC 29712.

Alcaligenes pacificus corrig. Baumann et al. 1972, species. - Type strain: ATCC 27122.
Note: The original spelling, Alcaligenes pacifus (sic), has been corrected by Hill et al. 1984. - Reference: HILL (L.R.), SKERMAN (V.B.D.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.): Corrigenda to the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names edited for the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1984, 34, 508-511.

Alcaligenes paradoxus Davis 1969, species. - Type strain: ATCC 17713.

Alcaligenes ruhlandii (Packer and Vishniac 1955) Aragno and Schlegel 1977, species. - Type strain: ATCC 15749.

Alcaligenes venustus Baumann et al. 1972, species. - Type strain: ATCC 27125.

Alteromonas Baumann et al. 1972, genus. - Type species: Alteromonas macleodii.

Alteromonas aurantia Gauthier and Breittmayer 1979, species. - Type strain: ATCC 33046.

Alteromonas citrea Gauthier 1977, species. - Type strain: ATCC 29719.

Alteromonas communis Baumann et al. 1972, species. - Type strain: ATCC 27118.

Alteromonas espejiana Chan et al. 1978, species. - Type strain: ATCC 29659.

Alteromonas haloplanktis (ZoBell and Upham 1944) Reichelt and Baumann 1973, species. - Type strain: ATCC 14393.

Alteromonas macleodii Baumann et al. 1972, species. - Type strain: ATCC 27126.

Alteromonas rubra Gauthier 1976, species. - Type strain: ATCC 29570.

Alteromonas undina Chan et al. 1978, species. - Type strain: ATCC 29660.

Alteromonas vaga Baumann et al. 1972, species. - Type strain: ATCC 27119.

Alysiella Langeron 1923, genus. - Type species: Alysiella filiformis.

Alysiella filiformis (Schmid 1922) Langeron 1923, species. - Type strain: ATCC 15532.

Amoebobacter Winogradsky 1888, genus. - Type species: Amoebobacter roseus.

Amoebobacter pendens (Molisch 1906) Pfennig and Trüper 1971, species. - Type strain: DSM 236.

Amoebobacter roseus Winogradsky 1888, species. - Type strain: DSM 235.

Amorphosporangium Couch 1963, genus. - Type species: Amorphosporangium auranticolor.

Amorphosporangium auranticolor Couch 1963, species. - Type strain: ATCC 15330.

Amorphosporangium globisporum Thiemann 1967, species. - Type strain: ATCC 23056.

Ampullariella Couch 1964, genus. - Type species: Ampullariella regularis.

Ampullariella campanulata (Couch 1963) Couch 1964, species. - Type strain: DSM 43148.

Ampullariella digitata (Couch 1963) Couch 1964, species. - Type strain: ATCC 15349.

Ampullariella lobata (Couch 1963) Couch 1964, species. - Type strain: ATCC 15350.

Ampullariella regularis (Couch 1963) Couch 1964, species. - Type strain: DSM 43151.

Anaerobiospirillum Davis et al. 1976, genus. - Type species: Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens.

Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens Davis et al. 1976, species. - Type strain: ATCC 29305.

Anaeroplasma Robinson et al. 1975, genus. - Type species: Anaeroplasma abactoclasticum.

Anaeroplasma abactoclasticum Robinson et al. 1975, species. - Type strain: ATCC 27879.
Note: The type strain is not available from the ATCC because it was impossible to revive the culture sent by the depositors. - Reference: TANG (J.): Personal communication (July 20, 2001).

Anaeroplasma bactoclasticum (Robinson and Hungate 1973) Robinson and Allison 1975, species. - Type strain: ATCC 27112.
Note: The type strain is not available from the ATCC because it was impossible to revive the culture sent by the depositors. - Reference: TANG (J.): Personal communication (July 20, 2001).

Anaerovibrio Hungate 1966, genus. - Type species: Anaerovibrio lipolyticus corrig.

Anaerovibrio lipolyticus corrig. Hungate 1966, species. - Type strain: VPI 7553.
Note: The original spelling of the specific epithet, lipolytica (sic) has been corrected by Strömpl et al. 1999. - Reference: STRÖMPL (C.), TINDALL (B.J.), JARVIS (G.N.), LÜNSDORF (H.), MOORE (E.R.B.) and HIPPE (H.): A re-evaluation of the taxonomy of the genus Anaerovibrio, with the reclassification of Anaerovibrio glycerini as Anaerosinus glycerini gen. nov., comb. nov., and Anaerovibrio burkinabensis as Anaeroarcus burkinensis [corrig.] gen. nov., comb. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1999, 49, 1861-1872.

Anaplasma Theiler 1910, genus. - Type species: Anaplasma marginale.

Anaplasma marginale Theiler 1910, species. - Type strain: no culture isolated.

Anaplasma ovis Lestoquard 1924, species. - Type strain: no culture isolated.

Anaplasmataceae Philip 1957, familia. - Type genus: Anaplasma.

Ancalochloris Gorlenko and Lebedeva 1971, genus. - Type species: Ancalochloris perfilievii.

Ancalochloris perfilievii Gorlenko and Lebedeva 1971, species. - Type strain: no pure culture.

Ancalomicrobium Staley 1968, genus. - Type species: Ancalomicrobium adetum.

Ancalomicrobium adetum Staley 1968, species. - Type strain: ATCC 23632.

Anoxyphotobacteriae Gibbons and Murray 1978, subclassis. - Type order: Rhodospirillales.

Aquaspirillum Hylemon et al. 1973, genus. - Type species: Aquaspirillum serpens.

Aquaspirillum anulus (Williams and Rittenberg 1957) Hylemon et al. 1973, species. - Type strain: NCIB 9012.

Aquaspirillum aquaticum Hylemon et al. 1973, species. - Type strain: ATCC 11330.

Aquaspirillum autotrophicum Aragno and Schlegel 1978, species. - Type strain: DSM 732.

Aquaspirillum bengal Kumar et al. 1974, species. - Type strain: ATCC 27641.

Aquaspirillum delicatum (Leifson 1962) Hylemon et al. 1973, species. - Type strain: ATCC 14667.

Aquaspirillum dispar Hylemon et al. 1973, species. - Type strain: ATCC 27510.

Aquaspirillum fasciculus Strength et al. 1976, species. - Type strain: ATCC 27740.

Aquaspirillum giesbergeri (Williams and Rittenberg 1957) Hylemon et al. 1973, species. - Type strain: ATCC 11334.

Aquaspirillum gracile (Canale-Parola et al. 1966) Hylemon et al. 1973, species. - Type strain: ATCC 19624.

Aquaspirillum itersonii (Giesberger 1936) Hylemon et al. 1973, species. - Type strain: ATCC 12639.

Aquaspirillum itersonii subsp. itersonii (Giesberger 1936) Terasaki 1979, subspecies. - Type strain: ATCC 12639.
Note: The original autorship, (Giesberger 1936) Hylemon et al. 1973, was corrected according to the new Rule 40d.
Reference: GARRITY (G.M.), LABEDA (D.P.) and OREN (A.): Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes. XIIth International (IUMS) Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology. Minutes of the meetings, 3, 4 and 6 August 2008, Istanbul, Turkey. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2011, 61, 2775-2780.
Original article in IJSEM Online

Aquaspirillum itersonii subsp. nipponicum (Terasaki 1973) Terasaki 1979, subspecies. - Type strain: IFO 13615.

Aquaspirillum metamorphum (Terasaki 1961) Hylemon et al. 1973, species. - Type strain: ATCC 15280.

Aquaspirillum peregrinum (Pretorius 1963) Hylemon et al. 1973, species. - Type strain: ATCC 15387.

Aquaspirillum peregrinum subsp. integrum (Terasaki 1973) Terasaki 1979, subspecies. - Type strain: IFO 13617.

Aquaspirillum peregrinum subsp. peregrinum (Pretorius 1963) Terasaki 1979, subspecies. - Type strain: ATCC 15387.
Note: The original autorship, (Pretorius 1963) Hylemon et al. 1973, was corrected according to the new Rule 40d.
Reference: GARRITY (G.M.), LABEDA (D.P.) and OREN (A.): Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes. XIIth International (IUMS) Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology. Minutes of the meetings, 3, 4 and 6 August 2008, Istanbul, Turkey. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2011, 61, 2775-2780.
Original article in IJSEM Online

Aquaspirillum polymorphum (Williams and Rittenberg 1957) Hylemon et al. 1973, species. - Type strain: ATCC 11332.

Aquaspirillum psychrophilum (Terasaki 1973) Terasaki 1979, species. - Type strain: IFO 13611.

Aquaspirillum putridiconchylium (Terasaki 1961) Hylemon et al. 1973, species. - Type strain: ATCC 15279.

Aquaspirillum serpens (Muller 1786) Hylemon et al. 1973, species. - Type strain: ATCC 12638.

Aquaspirillum sinuosum (Williams and Rittenberg 1957) Hylemon et al. 1973, species. - Type strain: ATCC 9786.

Arachnia Pine and Georg 1969, genus. - Type species: Arachnia propionica.

Arachnia propionica (Buchanan and Pine 1962) Pine and Georg 1969, species. - Type strain: ATCC 14157.

Archangiaceae Jahn 1924, familia. - Type genus: Archangium.

Archangium Jahn 1924, genus. - Type species: Archangium gephyra.

Archangium gephyra Jahn 1924, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25201.

Arthrobacter Conn and Dimmick 1947, genus. - Type species: Arthrobacter globiformis.

Arthrobacter atrocyaneus Kuhn and Starr 1960, species. - Type strain: ATCC 13752.

Arthrobacter aurescens Phillips 1953, species. - Type strain: ATCC 13344.

Arthrobacter citreus Sacks 1954, species. - Type strain: ATCC 11624.

Arthrobacter crystallopoietes Ensign and Rittenberg 1963, species. - Type strain: ATCC 15481.

Arthrobacter duodecadis Lochhead 1958, species. - Type strain: ATCC 13347.

Arthrobacter flavescens Lochhead 1958, species. - Type strain: ATCC 13348.

Arthrobacter globiformis (Conn 1928) Conn and Dimmick 1947, species. - Type strain: ATCC 8010.

Arthrobacter histidinolovorans Adams 1954, species. - Type strain: ATCC 11442.

Arthrobacter mysorens Nand and Rao 1972, species. - Type strain: NCIB 10583.

Arthrobacter nicotianae Giovannozzi-Sermanni 1959, species. - Type strain: ATCC 15236.

Arthrobacter oxydans Sguros 1954, species. - Type strain: ATCC 14358.

Arthrobacter pascens Lochhead and Burton 1953, species. - Type strain: ATCC 13346.

Arthrobacter picolinophilus Tate and Ensign 1974, species. - Type strain: ATCC 27854.

Arthrobacter polychromogenes Schippers-Lammertse et al. 1963, species. - Type strain: ATCC 15216.

Arthrobacter radiotolerans Yoshinaka et al. 1973, species. - Type strain: IAM 12072.

Arthrobacter ramosus Jensen 1960, species. - Type strain: ATCC 13727.

Arthrobacter siderocapsulatus Dubinina and Zhdanov 1975, species. - Type strain: BKM-B N 1122.
Note: On the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names, this nomenclatural name is incorrectly cited as Arthrobacter siderocapsulatus Dubinin (sic) and Zhdanov 1975. - Reference: HILL (L.R.), SKERMAN (V.B.D.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.): Corrigenda to the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names edited for the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1984, 34, 508-511.

Arthrobacter simplex (Jensen 1934) Lochhead 1957, species. - Type strain: ATCC 6946.

Arthrobacter terregens Lochhead and Burton 1953, species. - Type strain: ATCC 13345.

Arthrobacter tumescens (Jensen 1934) Conn and Dimmick 1947, species. - Type strain: ATCC 6947.

Arthrobacter ureafaciens (Krebs and Eggleston 1939) Clark 1955, species. - Type strain: ATCC 7562.

Arthrobacter variabilis Muller 1961, species. - Type strain: ATCC 15753.

Arthrobacter viscosus Gasdorf et al. 1965, species. - Type strain: ATCC 19584.

Asticcacaulis Poindexter 1964, genus. - Type species: Asticcacaulis excentricus.

Asticcacaulis biprosthecium Pate et al. 1973, species. - Type strain: ATCC 27554.
Note: In the effective publication by Pate et al. 1973 [1] and in a paper by Poindexter 1989 [2], this nomenclatural name is cited as Asticcacaulis biprosthecum. - References: 1 PATE (J.L.), PORTER (J.S.) and JORDAN (T.L.): Asticcacaulis biprosthecum sp. nov. Life cycle, morphology and cultural characteristics. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek J. Microbiol. Serol., 1973, 39, 569-583. 2 POINDEXTER (J.S.): Genus Asticcacaulis Poindexter 1964, 282AL. In: J.T. STALEY, M.P. BRYANT, N. PFENNIG and J.G. HOLT (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 1989, vol. 3. The Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore, p. 1939-1942.

Asticcacaulis excentricus Poindexter 1964, species. - Type strain: ATCC 15261.

Azomonas Winogradsky 1938, genus. - Type species: Azomonas agilis.

Azomonas agilis (Beijerinck 1901) Winogradsky 1938, species. - Type strain: ATCC 7494.

Azomonas insignis (Derx 1951) Jensen 1955, species. - Type strain: UQM 1966.

Azospirillum Tarrand et al. 1979, genus. - Type species: Azospirillum lipoferum.

Azospirillum brasilense corrig. Tarrand et al. 1979, species. - Type strain: ATCC 29145.
Note: The original spelling of the specific epithet, brasiliense (sic), has been corrected by Hill et al. 1984. - Reference: HILL (L.R.), SKERMAN (V.B.D.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.): Corrigenda to the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names edited for the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1984, 34, 508-511.

Azospirillum lipoferum (Beijerinck 1925) Tarrand et al. 1979, species. - Type strain: ATCC 29707.

Azotobacter Beijerinck 1901, genus. - Type species: Azotobacter chroococcum.

Azotobacter beijerinckii Lipman 1904, species. - Type strain: ATCC 19360.

Azotobacter chroococcum Beijerinck 1901, species. - Type strain: ATCC 9043.

Azotobacter macrocytogenes Jensen 1955, species. - Type strain: ATCC 12335.

Azotobacter nigricans Krasil'nikov 1949, species. - Type strain: UQM 1967.

Azotobacter paspali Dobereiner 1966, species. - Type strain: ATCC 23833.

Azotobacter vinelandii Lipman 1903, species. - Type strain: ATCC 478.

Azotobacteraceae Pribram 1933, familia. - Type genus: Azotobacter.

B

Bacillaceae Fischer 1895, familia. - Type genus: Bacillus.

Bacillales Prévot 1953, ordo. - Type genus: Bacillus.

Bacillus Cohn 1872, genus. - Type species: Bacillus subtilis.

Bacillus acidocaldarius Darland and Brock 1971, species. - Type strain: ATCC 27009.

Bacillus alcalophilus Vedder 1934, species. - Type strain: ATCC 27647.

Bacillus alvei Cheshire and Cheyne 1885, species. - Type strain: ATCC 6344.

Bacillus anthracis Cohn 1872, species. - Type strain: ATCC 14578.

Bacillus badius Batchelor 1919, species. - Type strain: ATCC 14574.

Bacillus brevis Migula 1900, species. - Type strain: ATCC 8246.

Bacillus cereus Frankland and Frankland 1887, species. - Type strain: ATCC 14579.

Bacillus circulans Jordan 1890, species. - Type strain: ATCC 4513.

Bacillus coagulans Hammer 1915, species. - Type strain: ATCC 7050.

Bacillus fastidiosus den Dooren de Jong 1929, species. - Type strain: Delft LMD 29-14.

Bacillus firmus Bredemann and Werner 1933, species. - Type strain: ATCC 14575.

Bacillus globisporus Larkin and Stokes 1967, species. - Type strain: ATCC 23301.

Bacillus globisporus subsp. globisporus (Larkin and Stokes 1967) Rüger and Richter 1979, subspecies. - Type strain: ATCC 23301.
Note: The original autorship, Larkin and Stokes 1967, was corrected according to the new Rule 40d.
Reference: GARRITY (G.M.), LABEDA (D.P.) and OREN (A.): Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes. XIIth International (IUMS) Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology. Minutes of the meetings, 3, 4 and 6 August 2008, Istanbul, Turkey. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2011, 61, 2775-2780.
Original article in IJSEM Online

Bacillus globisporus subsp. marinus Rüger and Richter 1979, subspecies. - Type strain: ATCC 29841.

Bacillus insolitus Larkin and Stokes 1967, species. - Type strain: ATCC 23299.

Bacillus larvae White 1906, species. - Type strain: ATCC 9545.

Bacillus laterosporus Laubach 1916, species. - Type strain: ATCC 64.

Bacillus lentimorbus Dutky 1940, species. - Type strain: ATCC 14707.

Bacillus lentus Gibson 1935, species. - Type strain: ATCC 10840.

Bacillus licheniformis (Weigmann 1898) Chester 1901, species. - Type strain: ATCC 14580.

Bacillus macerans Schardinger 1905, species. - Type strain: ATCC 8244.

Bacillus macquariensis Marshall and Ohye 1966, species. - Type strain: ATCC 23464.

Bacillus megaterium de Bary 1884, species. - Type strain: ATCC 14581.

Bacillus mycoides Flügge 1886, species. - Type strain: ATCC 6462.

Bacillus pantothenticus Proom and Knight 1950, species. - Type strain: ATCC 14576.

Bacillus pasteurii (Miquel 1889) Chester 1898, species. - Type strain: ATCC 11859.

Bacillus polymyxa (Prazmowski 1880) Mace 1889, species. - Type strain: ATCC 842.

Bacillus popilliae Dutky 1940, species. - Type strain: ATCC 14706.

Bacillus pumilus Meyer and Gottheil 1901, species. - Type strain: ATCC 7061.

Bacillus sphaericus Meyer and Neide 1904, species. - Type strain: ATCC 14577.

Bacillus stearothermophilus Donk 1920, species. - Type strain: ATCC 12980.

Bacillus subtilis (Ehrenberg 1835) Cohn 1872, species. - Type strain: ATCC 6051.

Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner 1915, species. - Type strain: ATCC 10792.

Bacteria Haeckel 1894, classis. - Type order: not given.
Note: According to Rules 15, 22 and 27(3), the class Bacteria is illegitimate because it was proposed without the designation of a nomenclatural type. - Reference: EUZÉBY (J.P.) and TINDALL (B.J.): Nomenclatural type of orders: corrections necessary according to Rules 15 and 21a of the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision), and designation of appropriate nomenclatural types of classes and subclasses. Request for an Opinion. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 2001, 51, 725-727.

Bacterionema Gilmour et al. 1961, genus. - Type species: Bacterionema matruchotii.

Bacterionema matruchotii (Mendel 1919) Gilmour et al. 1961, species. - Type strain: ATCC 14266.

Bacteroidaceae Pribram 1933, familia. - Type genus: Bacteroides.

Bacteroideae Castellani and Chalmers 1919, tribus. - Type genus: Bacteroides.

Bacteroides Castellani and Chalmers 1919, genus. - Type species: Bacteroides fragilis.

Bacteroides amylophilus Hamlin and Hungate 1956, species. - Type strain: ATCC 29744.

Bacteroides asaccharolyticus (Holdeman and Moore 1970) Finegold and Barnes 1977, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25260.

Bacteroides bivius Holdeman and Johnson 1977, species. - Type strain: ATCC 29303.

Bacteroides capillosus (Tissier 1908) Kelly 1957, species. - Type strain: ATCC 29799.

Bacteroides coagulans Eggerth and Gagnon 1933, species. - Type strain: ATCC 29798.

Bacteroides disiens Holdeman and Johnson 1977, species. - Type strain: ATCC 29426.

Bacteroides distasonis Eggerth and Gagnon 1933, species. - Type strain: ATCC 8503.

Bacteroides eggerthii Holdeman and Moore 1974, species. - Type strain: ATCC 27754.

Bacteroides fragilis (Veillon and Zuber 1898) Castellani and Chalmers 1919, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25285.

Bacteroides furcosus (Veillon and Zuber 1898) Hauduroy et al. 1937, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25662.

Bacteroides hypermegas Harrison and Hansen 1963, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25560.

Bacteroides melaninogenicus (Oliver and Wherry 1921) Roy and Kelly 1939, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25845.

Bacteroides melaninogenicus subsp. intermedius Holdeman and Moore 1970, subspecies. - Type strain: ATCC 25611.

Bacteroides melaninogenicus subsp. melaninogenicus (Oliver and Wherry 1921) Holdeman and Moore 1970, subspecies. - Type strain: ATCC 25845.

Bacteroides microfusus Kaneuchi and Mitsuoka 1978, species. - Type strain: ATCC 29728.

Bacteroides multiacidus Mitsuoka et al. 1974, species. - Type strain: ATCC 27723.

Bacteroides nodosus (Beveridge 1941) Mraz 1963, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25549.

Bacteroides ochraceus (Prévot et al. 1956) Holdeman and Moore 1972, species. - Type strain: ATCC 27872.
Note: On the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names, and on the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names (Amended Edition), this nomenclatural name is incorrectly cited as Bacteroides ochraceus Prévot et al. 1956 (sic).

Bacteroides oralis Loesche et al. 1964, species. - Type strain: VPI D27B-24.

Bacteroides ovatus Eggerth and Gagnon 1933, species. - Type strain: ATCC 8483.

Bacteroides pneumosintes (Olitsky and Gates 1921) Holdeman and Moore 1970, species. - Type strain: ATCC 33048.

Bacteroides praeacutus (Tissier 1908) Holdeman and Moore 1970, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25539.

Bacteroides putredinis (Weinberg et al. 1937) Kelly 1957, species. - Type strain: ATCC 29800.

Bacteroides ruminicola Bryant et al. 1958, species. - Type strain: ATCC 19189.

Bacteroides ruminicola subsp. brevis Bryant et al. 1958, subspecies. - Type strain: ATCC 19188.

Bacteroides ruminicola subsp. ruminicola Bryant et al. 1958, subspecies. - Type strain: ATCC 19189.

Bacteroides splanchnicus Werner et al. 1975, species. - Type strain: ATCC 29572.

Bacteroides succinogenes Hungate 1950, species. - Type strain: ATCC 19169.

Bacteroides termitidis (Sebald 1962) Holdeman and Moore 1970, species. - Type strain: NCTC 11300.

Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (Distaso 1912) Castellani and Chalmers 1919, species. - Type strain: ATCC 29148.

Bacteroides uniformis Eggerth and Gagnon 1933, species. - Type strain: ATCC 8492.

Bacteroides ureolyticus Jackson and Goodman 1978, species. - Type strain: NCTC 10941.

Bacteroides vulgatus Eggerth and Gagnon 1933, species. - Type strain: ATCC 8482.

Bactoderma Tepper and Korshunova 1973, genus. - Type species: Bactoderma alba.

Bactoderma alba Tepper and Korshunova 1973, species. - Type strain: no culture available.

Bactoderma rosea (Winogradsky and Winogradsky 1933) Tepper and Korshunova 1973, species. - Type strain: BKMW 1344.

Bartonella Strong et al. 1915, genus. - Type species: Bartonella bacilliformis.

Bartonella bacilliformis (Strong et al. 1913) Strong et al. 1915, species. - Type strain: no culture available.

Bartonellaceae Gieszczykiewicz 1939, familia. - Type genus: Bartonella.

Bdellovibrio Stolp and Starr 1963, genus. - Type species: Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus.

Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus Stolp and Starr 1963, species. - Type strain: NCIB 9529.

Bdellovibrio starrii Seidler et al. 1972, species. - Type strain: ATCC 15145.

Bdellovibrio stolpii Seidler et al. 1972, species. - Type strain: DSM 50722.

Beggiatoa Trevisan 1842, genus. - Type species: Beggiatoa alba.

Beggiatoa alba (Vaucher 1803) Trevisan 1845, species. - Type strain: LSU B18LD.

Beggiatoaceae Migula 1894, familia. - Type genus: Beggiatoa.

Beggiatoales Buchanan 1957, ordo. - Type genus: Beggiatoa.

Beijerinckia Derx 1950, genus. - Type species: Beijerinckia indica.

Beijerinckia derxii Tchan 1957, species. - Type strain: UQM 1968.

Beijerinckia fluminensis Dobereiner and Ruschel 1958, species. - Type strain: UQM 1685.

Beijerinckia indica (Starkey and De 1939) Derx 1950, species. - Type strain: ATCC 9039.

Beijerinckia mobilis Derx 1950, species. - Type strain: UQM 1969.

Beneckea Campbell 1957, genus. - Type species: Beneckea campbellii.

Beneckea alginolytica (Miyamoto et al. 1961) Baumann et al. 1971, species. - Type strain: ATCC 17749.

Beneckea campbellii Baumann et al. 1971, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25920.

Beneckea harveyi (Johnson and Shunk 1936) Reichelt and Baumann 1973 species. - Type strain: ATCC 14126.

Beneckea natriegens (Payne et al. 1961) Baumann et al. 1971, species. - Type strain: ATCC 14048.

Beneckea nigripulchritudo corrig. Baumann et al. 1971, species. - Type strain: ATCC 27043.
Note: The original spelling, Beneckea nigrapulchrituda (sic), has been corrected by Baumann et al. 1984. - Reference: BAUMANN (P.), FURNISS (A.L.) and LEE (J.V.): Genus I. Vibrio Pacini 1854, 411AL. In: N.R. KRIEG and J.G. HOLT (ed.) Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, vol. 1, The Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore, 1984, p. 518-538.

Beneckea parahaemolytica (Fujino et al. 1951) Baumann et al. 1971, species. - Type strain: ATCC 17802.
Note: On the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names, this nomenclatural name is incorrectly cited as Beneckea parahaemolytica (Fujino et al. 1965 [sic]) Baumann et al. 1971. - Reference: HILL (L.R.), SKERMAN (V.B.D.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.): Corrigenda to the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names edited for the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1984, 34, 508-511.

Beneckea pelagia Baumann et al. 1971, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25916.

Beneckea splendida (Beijerinck 1900) Reichelt et al. 1979, species. - Type strain: NCMB 1.

Beneckea vulnifica Reichelt et al. 1979, species. - Type strain: ATCC 27562.

Bifidobacterium Orla-Jensen 1924, genus. - Type species: Bifidobacterium bifidum.

Bifidobacterium adolescentis Reuter 1963, species. - Type strain: ATCC 15703 biovar a.

Bifidobacterium angulatum Scardovi and Crociani 1974, species. - Type strain: ATCC 27535.

Bifidobacterium animalis (Mitsuoka 1969) Scardovi and Trovatelli 1974, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25527.

Bifidobacterium asteroides Scardovi and Trovatelli 1969, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25910.

Bifidobacterium bifidum (Tissier 1900) Orla-Jensen 1924, species. - Type strain: Ti (Tissier) Anaerobe Collection, Institut Pasteur Lille.

Bifidobacterium boum Scardovi et al. 1979, species. - Type strain: ATCC 27917.

Bifidobacterium breve Reuter 1963, species. - Type strain: ATCC 15700.

Bifidobacterium catenulatum Scardovi and Crociani 1974, species. - Type strain: ATCC 27539.

Bifidobacterium choerinum Scardovi et al. 1979, species. - Type strain: ATCC 27686.

Bifidobacterium cuniculi Scardovi et al. 1979, species. - Type strain: ATCC 27916.

Bifidobacterium dentium Scardovi and Crociani 1974, species. - Type strain: ATCC 27534.

Bifidobacterium indicum Scardovi and Trovatelli 1969, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25912.

Bifidobacterium infantis Reuter 1963, species. - Type strain: ATCC 15697.

Bifidobacterium longum Reuter 1963, species. - Type strain: ATCC 15707.

Bifidobacterium magnum Scardovi and Zani 1974, species. - Type strain: ATCC 27540.

Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum Scardovi et al. 1979, species. - Type strain: ATCC 27919.

Bifidobacterium pseudolongum Mitsuoka 1969, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25526.

Bifidobacterium pullorum Trovatelli et al. 1974, species. - Type strain: ATCC 27685.

Bifidobacterium suis Matteuzzi et al. 1971, species. - Type strain: ATCC 27533.

Bifidobacterium thermophilum corrig. Mitsuoka 1969, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25525.
Note: The original spelling of the specific epithet, thermophilium (sic), has been corrected by Hill et al. 1984 [1]. This corrigendum has been omitted from the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names (Amended Edition) [2]. - References: 1 HILL (L.R.), SKERMAN (V.B.D.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.): Corrigenda to the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names edited for the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1984, 34, 508-511. 2 EUZÉBY (J.P.): Corrigenda to the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names and to the amended edition of the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1997, 47, 1271-1272.

Blastobacter Zavarzin 1961, genus. - Type species: Blastobacter henricii.

Blastobacter henricii Zavarzin 1961, species. - Type strain: no culture isolated.

Blastococcus Ahrens and Moll 1970., genus. - Type species: Blastococcus aggregatus.

Blastococcus aggregatus Ahrens and Moll 1970, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25902.

Blattabacterium Hollande and Favre 1931, genus. - Type species: Blattabacterium cuenoti.

Blattabacterium cuenoti (Mercier 1906) Hollande and Favre 1931, species. - Type strain: no culture isolated.

Bordetella Moreno-Lopez 1952, genus. - Type species: Bordetella pertussis.

Bordetella bronchiseptica (Ferry 1912) Moreno-Lopez 1952, species. - Type strain: ATCC 19395.

Bordetella parapertussis (Eldering and Kendrick 1938) Moreno-Lopez 1952, species. - Type strain: NCTC 5952.

Bordetella pertussis (Bergey et al. 1923) Moreno-Lopez 1952, species. - Type strain: ATCC 9797.

Borrelia Swellengrebel 1907, genus. - Type species: Borrelia anserina.

Borrelia anserina (Sakharoff 1891) Bergey et al. 1925, species. - Type strain: no culture available.

Borrelia brasiliensis Davis 1952, species. - Type strain: no culture available.

Borrelia caucasica (Kandelaki 1945) Davis 1957, species. - Type strain: no culture available.

Borrelia crocidurae (Leger 1917) Davis 1957, species. - Type strain: no culture available.

Borrelia dugesii (Mazzotti 1949) Davis 1957, species. - Type strain: no culture available.

Borrelia duttonii (Novy and Knapp 1906) Bergey et al. 1925, species. - Type strain: no culture available.
Note: Viable cultures were obtained by Cutler et al. 1999. The strains were designated La, Ly, Lw, Ma and Ku. - Reference: CUTLER (S.J.), AKINTUNDE (C.O.K.), MOSS (J.), FUKUNAGA (M.), KURTENBACH (K.), TALBERT (A.), ZHANG (H.), WRIGHT (D.J.M.) and WARRELL (D.A.): Successful in vitro cultivation of Borrelia duttonii and its comparison with Borrelia recurrentis. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1999, 49, 1793-1799.

Borrelia graingeri (Heisch 1953) Davis 1957, species. - Type strain: no culture available.

Borrelia harveyi (Garnham 1947) Davis 1948, species. - Type strain: no culture available.

Borrelia hermsii (Davis 1942) Steinhaus 1946, species. - Type strain: no culture available.
Note: Viable cultures are now available (i.e. CIP 104209 = DSM 4682) but no type strain has been designated.

Borrelia hispanica (de Buen 1926) Steinhaus 1946, species. - Type strain: no culture available.

Borrelia latyschewii (Sofiev 1941) Davis 1948, species. - Type strain: no culture available.

Borrelia mazzottii Davis 1956, species. - Type strain: no culture available.

Borrelia parkeri (Davis 1942) Steinhaus 1946, species. - Type strain: no culture available.

Borrelia persica (Dschunkowsky 1913) Steinhaus 1946, species. - Type strain: no culture available.

Borrelia recurrentis (Lebert 1874) Bergey et al. 1925, species. - Type strain: no culture available.

Borrelia theileri (Laveran 1903) Bergey et al. 1925, species. - Type strain: no culture available.

Borrelia tillae Zumpt and Organ 1961, species. - Type strain: no culture available.

Borrelia turicatae (Brumpt 1933) Steinhaus 1946, species. - Type strain: no culture available.

Borrelia venezuelensis (Brumpt 1921) Brumpt 1922, species. - Type strain: no culture available.

Branhamella Catlin 1970, genus. - Type species: Branhamella catarrhalis.

Branhamella catarrhalis (Frosch and Kolle 1896) Catlin 1970, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25238.

Brevibacteriaceae Breed 1953, familia. - Type genus: Brevibacterium.

Brevibacterieae Prévot 1961, tribus. - Type genus: Brevibacterium.

Brevibacterium Breed 1953, genus. - Type species: Brevibacterium linens.

Brevibacterium acetylicum (Levine and Soppeland 1926) Breed 1957, species. - Type strain: ATCC 953.

Brevibacterium albidum Komagata and Iizuka 1964, species. - Type strain: ATCC 15831.

Brevibacterium ammoniagenes (Cooke and Keith 1927) Breed 1953, species. - Type strain: ATCC 6871.

Brevibacterium citreum Komagata and Iizuka 1964, species. - Type strain: ATCC 15828.

Brevibacterium divaricatum Su and Yamada 1960, species. - Type strain: ATCC 14020.

Brevibacterium fermentans Chatelain and Second 1966, species. - Type strain: CIP 66.11.
Note: In the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names, the type strain is erroneously cited as CIP 6611. - Reference: KUDO (T.): Personal communication (March 07, 2003).

Brevibacterium frigoritolerans Delaporte and Sasson 1967, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25097.

Brevibacterium halotolerans Delaporte and Sasson 1967, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25096.

Brevibacterium imperiale (Steinhaus 1941) Breed 1953, species. - Type strain: ATCC 8365.

Brevibacterium incertum (Steinhaus 1941) Breed 1953, species. - Type strain: ATCC 8363.

Brevibacterium linens (Wolff 1910) Breed 1953, species. - Type strain: ATCC 9172.

Brevibacterium liquefaciens Okabayashi and Masuo 1960, species. - Type strain: ATCC 14929.

Brevibacterium luteum Komagata and Iizuka 1964, species. - Type strain: ATCC 15830.

Brevibacteium lyticum Takayama et al. 1960, species. - Type strain: ATCC 15921.

Brevibacterium oxydans Chatelain and Second 1966, species. - Type strain: CIP 6612.

Brevibacterium protophormiae Lysenko 1959, species. - Type strain: ATCC 19271.

Brevibacterium pusillum Iizuka and Komagata 1965, species. - Type strain: ATCC 19096.

Brevibacterium saperdae Lysenko 1959, species. - Type strain: ATCC 19272.

Brevibacterium stationis (ZoBell and Upham 1944) Breed 1953, species. - Type strain: ATCC 14403.

Brevibacterium testaceum Komagata and Iizuka 1964, species. - Type strain: ATCC 15829.

Brevibacterium vitaeruminis corrig. (Bechdel et al. 1928) Breed 1957, species. - Type strain: ATCC 10234.
Note: The original spelling of the specific epithet, vitarumen (sic), has been corrected by Trüper and De' Clari 1997. - Reference: TRÜPER (H.G.) and DE' CLARI (L.): Taxonomic note: Necessary correction of specific epithets formed as substantives (nouns) "in apposition". Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1997, 47, 908-909.

Brochothrix Sneath and Jones 1976, genus. - Type species: Brochothrix thermosphacta.

Brochothrix thermosphacta (McLean and Sulzbacher 1953) Sneath and Jones 1976, species. - Type strain: ATCC 11509.

Brucella Meyer and Shaw 1920, genus. - Type species: Brucella melitensis.

Brucella abortus (Schmidt 1901) Meyer and Shaw 1920, species. - Type strain: ATCC 23448.

Brucella canis Carmichael and Bruner 1968, species. - Type strain: ATCC 23365.

Brucella melitensis (Hughes 1893) Meyer and Shaw 1920, species. - Type strain: ATCC 23456.

Brucella neotomae Stoenner and Lackman 1957, species. - Type strain: ATCC 23459.

Brucella ovis Buddle 1956, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25840.

Brucella suis Huddleson 1929, species. - Type strain: ATCC 23444.

Brucellaceae Breed et al. 1957, familia. - Type genus: Brucella.

Brucelleae Murray 1948, tribus. - Type genus: Brucella.

Butyrivibrio Bryant and Small 1956, genus. - Type species: Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens.

Butyrivibrio crossotus Moore et al. 1976, species. - Type strain: VPI T9-40A.

Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens Bryant and Small 1956, species. - Type strain: ATCC 19171.

C

Calymmatobacterium Aragao and Vianna 1913, genus. - Type species: Calymmatobacterium granulomatis.

Calymmatobacterium granulomatis Aragao and Vianna 1913, species. - Type strain: no strain extant.

Campylobacter Sebald and Véron 1963, genus. - Type species: Campylobacter fetus.

Campylobacter coli (Doyle 1948) Véron and Chatelain 1973, species. - Type strain: CIP 7080.

Campylobacter fetus (Smith and Taylor 1919) Sebald and Véron 1963, species. - Type strain: CIP 5396.
Note: Members of the Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Campylobacter and related bacteria had noted that the specific epithet fetus was erroneously formed. This required correction of the spelling of the epithet or, alternatively, correction of the etymology. The subcommittee members reached a consensus to correct the etymology of the specific epithet fetus. The correct etymology is: fe'tus. L. masc. n. fetus, fetus, fruit; L. gen. masc. n. fetus, of a fetus. - Reference: VANDAMME (P.) and ON (S.L.W.): Recommendations of the Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Campylobacter and related bacteria. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 2001, 51, 719-721.

Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus (Smith and Taylor 1919) Véron and Chatelain 1973, subspecies. - Type strain: CIP 5396.
Note: Members of the Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Campylobacter and related bacteria had noted that the specific and subspecific epithets fetus were erroneously formed. This required correction of the spelling of the epithets or, alternatively, correction of the etymology. The subcommittee members reached a consensus to correct the etymology of the specific and subspecific epithets fetus. The correct etymology is: fe'tus. L. masc. n. fetus, fetus, fruit; L. gen. masc. n. fetus, of a fetus. - Reference: VANDAMME (P.) and ON (S.L.W.): Recommendations of the Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Campylobacter and related bacteria. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 2001, 51, 719-721.

Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis (Florent 1959) Véron and Chatelain 1973, subspecies. - Type strain: ATCC 19438.
Notes:
. On the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names and on the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names (Amended Edition), the type strain is erroneously cited as ATCC 19483. - Reference: TANG (J.): Personal communication (April 05, 2001).
. Members of the Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Campylobacter and related bacteria had noted that the specific epithet fetus was erroneously formed. This required correction of the spelling of the epithet or, alternatively, correction of the etymology. The subcommittee members reached a consensus to correct the etymology of the specific epithet fetus. The correct etymology is: fe'tus. L. masc. n. fetus, fetus, fruit; L. gen. masc. n. fetus, of a fetus. - Reference: VANDAMME (P.) and ON (S.L.W.): Recommendations of the Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Campylobacter and related bacteria. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 2001, 51, 719-721.
. According to P.A.R. Vandamme [1], the subspecific epithet venerealis is incorrect. The formation of venerealis is derived from a combination of the Latin adjective venereus and the suffix -alis, used to form an adjective. As, it is grammatically incorrect to combine an adjective-forming suffix to a word that is already an adjective, the subspecific epithet should be venereus. However, members of the Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Campylobacter and related bacteria [2] reached a consensus to correct the etymology of the subspecific epithet venerealis. The correct etymology is: ve.ne.re.a'lis. N.L. (arbitrary) adj. venerealis, pertaining to venereal disease. - References: 1 ON (S.L.W.): International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Campylobacter and related bacteria. Minutes of the meeting, 2 September 1998, Budapest, Hungary. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2000, 50, 1399-1400. 2 VANDAMME (P.) and ON (S.L.W.): Recommendations of the Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Campylobacter and related bacteria. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 2001, 51, 719-721.

Campylobacter jejuni (Jones et al. 1931) Véron and Chatelain 1973, species. - Type strain: CIP 702.
Note: Members of the Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Campylobacter and related bacteria had noted that the specific epithet jejuni was erroneously formed. This required correction of the spelling of the epithet or, alternatively, correction of the etymology. The subcommittee members reached a consensus to correct the etymology of the specific epithet jejuni. The correct etymology is: je.ju'ni. N.L. gen. neut. n. jejuni, of the jejunum. - Reference: VANDAMME (P.) and ON (S.L.W.): Recommendations of the Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Campylobacter and related bacteria. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 2001, 51, 719-721.

Campylobacter sputorum (Prévot 1940) Véron and Chatelain 1973, species. - Type strain: Forsyth ER33.

Campylobacter sputorum subsp. bubulus (Florent 1953) Véron and Chatelain 1973, subspecies. - Type strain: CIP 53.103.
Note: In the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names, the type strain CIP 53.103 is erroneously cited as CIP 53103.

Campylobacter sputorum subsp. sputorum (Prévot 1940) Véron and Chatelain 1973, subspecies. - Type strain: Forsyth ER33.

Capsularis Prévot 1938, genus. - Type species: Capsularis zoogleoformans corrig.

Capsularis zoogleoformans corrig. (Weinberg et al. 1937) Prévot 1938, species. - Type strain: VPI D28K-1.
Note: The original spelling, Capsularis zoogleiformans (sic), has been corrected by Cato et al. 1982. - Reference: CATO (E.P.), KELLEY (R.W.), MOORE (W.E.C.) and HOLDEMAN (L.V.): Bacteroides zoogleoformans (Weinberg, Nativelle, and Prévot 1937) corrig. comb. nov.: emended description. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1982, 32, 271-274.

Cardiobacterium Slotnick and Dougherty 1964, genus. - Type species: Cardiobacterium hominis.

Cardiobacterium hominis Slotnick and Dougherty 1964, species. - Type strain: ATCC 15826.

Caryophanaceae Peshkoff 1939, familia. - Type genus: Caryophanon.

Caryophanales Peshkoff 1939, ordo. - Type genus: Caryophanon.

Caryophanon Peshkoff 1939, genus. - Type species: Caryophanon latum.

Caryophanon latum Peshkoff 1939, species. - Type strain: NCIB 9533.

Caseobacter Crombach 1978, genus. - Type species: Caseobacter polymorphus.

Caseobacter polymorphus Crombach 1978, species. - Type strain: LMD AC 256.

Caulobacter Henrici and Johnson 1935, genus. - Type species: Caulobacter vibrioides.

Caulobacter bacteroides Poindexter 1964, species. - Type strain: ATCC 15254.

Caulobacter crescentus Poindexter 1964, species. - Type strain: ATCC 15252.

Caulobacter fusiformis Poindexter 1964, species. - Type strain: ATCC 15257.

Caulobacter halobacteroides Poindexter 1964, species. - Type strain: ATCC 15269.

Caulobacter henricii Poindexter 1964, species. - Type strain: ATCC 15253.

Caulobacter intermedius Poindexter 1964, species. - Type strain: ATCC 15262.

Caulobacter leidyi corrig. Poindexter 1964, species. - Type strain: ATCC 15260.
Note: In the effective publication by Poindexter 1964 [1], the specific epithet is cited as leidyi (named in remembrance of J. Leidy). So, the spelling of the epithet, leidyia (sic), which appears in the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names, has been corrected by Poindexter 1989 [2]. - References: 1 POINDEXTER (J.S.): Biological properties and classification of the Caulobacter group. Bacteriol. Rev., 1964, 3, 231-295. 2 POINDEXTER (J.S.): Genus Caulobacter Henrici and Johnson 1935, 83^AL. In: J.T. STALEY, M.P. BRYANT, N. PFENNIG and J.G. HOLT (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 1989, vol. 3. The Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore, p. 1924-1939.

Caulobacter maris Poindexter 1964, species. - Type strain: ATCC 15268.

Caulobacter subvibrioides Poindexter 1964, species. - Type strain: ATCC 15264.

Caulobacter vibrioides Henrici and Johnson 1935, species. - Type strain: Stove CB51 [not extant (sic)].
Note: The type strain of Caulobacter vibrioides Henrici and Johnson 1935 (Approved Lists 1980), which the "Approved Lists of Bacterial Names" list as being "not extant" is in fact held in the DSMZ (strain DSM 9893) and VKM (strain VKM B-1496). - Reference: ABRAHAM (W.R.), STRÖMPL (C.), MEYER (H.), LINDHOLST (S.), MOORE (E.R.B.), CHRIST (R.), VANCANNEYT (M.), TINDALL (B.J.), BENNASAR (A.), SMIT (J.) and TESAR (M.): Phylogeny and polyphasic taxonomy of Caulobacter species. Proposal of Maricaulis gen. nov. with Maricaulis maris (Poindexter) comb. nov. as the type species, and emended description of the genera Brevundimonas and Caulobacter. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol, 1999, 49, 1053-1073.

Caulobacteraceae Henrici and Johnson 1935, familia. - Type genus: Caulobacter.

Caulobacterales Henrici and Johnson 1935, ordo. - Type genus: Caulobacter.

Caulobacterineae Breed et al. 1944, subordo. - Type genus: Caulobacter.

Cellulomonas Bergey et al. 1923, genus. - Type species: Cellulomonas flavigena.

Cellulomonas biazotea (Kellerman et al. 1913) Bergey et al. 1923, species. - Type strain: ATCC 486.

Cellulomonas cellasea (Kellerman et al. 1913) Bergey et al. 1923, species. - Type strain: ATCC 487.

Cellulomonas fimi (McBeth and Scales 1913) Bergey et al. 1923, species. - Type strain: ATCC 484.

Cellulomonas flavigena (Kellerman and McBeth 1912) Bergey et al. 1923, species. - Type strain: ATCC 482.

Cellulomonas gelida (Kellerman et al. 1913) Bergey et al. 1923, species. - Type strain: ATCC 488.

Cellulomonas uda (Kellerman et al. 1913) Bergey et al. 1923, species. - Type strain: ATCC 491.

Chainia Thirumalachar 1955, genus. - Type species: Chainia antibiotica.

Chainia antibiotica Thirumalachar 1955, species. - Type strain: ATCC 15721.

Chainia flava Thirumalachar and Sukapure 1964, species. - Type strain: ATCC 19347.

Chainia fumigata Thirumalachar et al. 1966, species. - Type strain: ATCC 19345.

Chainia minutisclerotica Thirumalachar et al. 1965, species. - Type strain: ATCC 17757.

Chainia nigra Thirumalachar 1955, species. - Type strain: ATCC 17756.

Chainia ochracea Kuznetsov 1962, species. - Type strain: ATCC 15814.

Chainia olivacea Thirumalachar and Sukapure 1964, species. - Type strain: ATCC 15722.

Chainia poonensis Thirumalachar 1960, species. - Type strain: ATCC 15723.

Chainia purpurogena Thirumalachar and Sukapure 1964, species. - Type strain: ATCC 19348.

Chainia rosea Thirumalachar 1966, species. - Type strain: ATCC 17755.

Chainia rubra Thirumalachar 1955, species. - Type strain: ATCC 17754.

Chainia violens Kalakoutskii and Krasil'nikov 1960, species. - Type strain: ATCC 15898.

Chlamydia Jones et al. 1945, genus. - Type species: Chlamydia trachomatis.

Chlamydia psittaci (Lillie 1930) Page 1968, species. - Type strain: ATCC VR-125.
Note: In the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names, the type strain is erroneously cited as ATCC VR 125 (without dash). - Reference: TANG (J.): Personal communication (May 30, 2001).

Chlamydia trachomatis (Busacca 1935) Rake 1957, species. - Type strain: ATCC VR-571.
Note: In the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names, the type strain is erroneously cited as ATCC VR 571B (without dash). - Reference: TANG (J.): Personal communication (May 30, 2001).

Chlamydiaceae Rake 1957, familia. - Type genus: Chlamydia.

Chlamydiales Storz and Page 1971, ordo. - Type genus: Chlamydia.

Chlorobiaceae Copeland 1956, familia. - Type genus: Chlorobium.

Chlorobiales Gibbons and Murray 1978, ordo. - Type genus: Chlorobium.

Chlorobium Nadson 1906, genus. - Type species: Chlorobium limicola.

Chlorobium chlorovibrioides Gorlenko et al. 1974, species. - Type strain: DSM 1377.
Note: The type strain DSM 1377 is unavailable. - Reference: ICSB, SUBCOMMITTEE ON THE TAXONOMY OF THE PHOTOTROPHIC BACTERIA: Minutes of the meetings, 10 September 1997, Vienna, Austria. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1999, 49, 925-926.

Chlorobium limicola Nadson 1906, species. - Type strain: DSM 245.

Chlorobium phaeobacteroides Pfennig 1968, species. - Type strain: DSM 266.

Chlorobium phaeovibrioides Pfennig 1968, species. - Type strain: DSM 269.

Chlorobium vibrioforme Pelsh 1936, species. - Type strain: DSM 260.

Chloroflexus Pierson and Castenholz 1974, genus. - Type species: Chloroflexus aurantiacus.

Chloroflexus aurantiacus Pierson and Castenholz 1974, species. - Type strain: ATCC 29366.

Chloronema Dubinina and Gorlenko 1975, genus. - Type species: Chloronema giganteum.

Chloronema giganteum Dubinina and Gorlenko 1975, species. - Type strain: no pure culture.

Chondromyces Berkeley and Curtis 1874, genus. - Type species: Chondromyces crocatus.

Chondromyces apiculatus Thaxter 1897, species. - Type strain: TC 4481.

Chondromyces catenulatus Thaxter 1904, species. - Type strain: TC 4517.

Chondromyces crocatus Berkeley and Curtis 1874, species. - Type strain: TC 601.

Chondromyces lanuginosus Kofler 1913, species. - Type strain: TC 4494.

Chondromyces pediculatus Thaxter 1904, species. - Type strain: TC 4524.

Chromatiaceae Bavendamm 1924, familia. - Type genus: Chromatium.

Chromatium Perty 1852, genus. - Type species: Chromatium okenii.

Chromatium buderi Trüper and Jannasch 1968, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25588.

Chromatium gracile Strzeszewski 1913, species. - Type strain: DSM 203.

Chromatium minus Winogradsky 1888, species. - Type strain: DSM 178.

Chromatium minutissimum Winogradsky 1888, species. - Type strain: DSM 1376.

Chromatium okenii (Ehrenberg 1838) Perty 1852, species. - Type strain: DSM 169.

Chromatium vinosum (Ehrenberg 1838) Winogradsky 1888, species. - Type strain: ATCC 17899.

Chromatium violascens Perty 1852, species. - Type strain: ATCC 17096.
Note: The type strain ATCC 17096 has been deaccessioned. - Reference: TANG (J.): Personal communication (December 20, 2001).

Chromatium warmingii (Cohn 1875) Migula 1900, species. - Type strain: ATCC 14959.

Chromatium weissei Perty 1852, species. - Type strain: DSM 171.
Note: The type strain DSM 171 is unavailable. - Reference: ICSB, SUBCOMMITTEE ON THE TAXONOMY OF THE PHOTOTROPHIC BACTERIA: Minutes of the meetings, 10 September 1997, Vienna, Austria. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1999, 49, 925-926.

Chromobacterieae Winslow et al. 1920, tribus. - Type genus: Chromobacterium.

Chromobacterium Bergonzini 1880, genus. - Type species: Chromobacterium violaceum.
Note: On the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names and on the amended edition of the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names, this nomenclatural name is incorrectly cited as Chromobacterium Bergonzini 1881 (sic). - References: 1 LAPAGE (S.P.), SNEATH (P.H.A.), LESSEL (E.F.), SKERMAN (V.B.D.), SEELIGER (H.P.R.) and CLARK (W.A.): International code of nomenclature of bacteria (1990 revision), American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C., 1992, p. 93. 2 EUZÉBY (J.P.): Necessary corrections according to Judicial Opinions 16, 48 and 52. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1998, 48, 613.

Chromobacterium violaceum Bergonzini 1880, species. - Type strain: ATCC 12472.
Note: On the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names and on the amended edition of the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names, this nomenclatural name is incorrectly cited as Chromobacterium violaceum Bergonzini 1881 (sic). - References: 1 LAPAGE (S.P.), SNEATH (P.H.A.), LESSEL (E.F.), SKERMAN (V.B.D.), SEELIGER (H.P.R.) and CLARK (W.A.): International code of nomenclature of bacteria (1990 revision), American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C., 1992, p. 93. 2 EUZÉBY (J.P.): Necessary corrections according to Judicial Opinions 16, 48 and 52. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1998, 48, 613.

Citrobacter Werkman and Gillen 1932, genus. - Type species: Citrobacter freundii.

Citrobacter diversus (Burkey 1928) Werkman and Gillen 1932, species. - Type strain: ATCC 27156.

Citrobacter freundii (Braak 1928) Werkman and Gillen 1932, species. - Type strain: ATCC 8090.

Citrobacter koseri Frederiksen 1970, species. - Type strain: ATCC 27028.

Clostridiaceae Pribram 1933, familia. - Type genus: Clostridium.

Clostridiales Prévot 1953, ordo. - Type genus: Clostridium.

Clostridium Prazmowski 1880, genus. - Type species: Clostridium butyricum.

Clostridium absonum Nakamura et al. 1973, species. - Type strain: ATCC 27555.

Clostridium acetobutylicum McCoy et al. 1926, species. - Type strain: ATCC 824.

Clostridium acidurici corrig. (Liebert 1909) Barker 1938, species. - Type strain: ATCC 7906.
Note: The original spelling, Clostridium acidiurici (sic), has been corrected by Cato et al. 1986. - Reference: CATO (E.P.), GEORGE (W.L.) and FINEGOLD (S.M.): Genus Clostridium Prazmowski 1880, 23AL. In: P.H.A. SNEATH, N.S. MAIR, M.E. SHARPE and J.G. HOLT (ed.) Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, vol. 2, The Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore, 1986, p. 1141-1200.

Clostridium aminovalericum Hardman and Stadtman 1960, species. - Type strain: ATCC 13725.

Clostridium aurantibutyricum Hellinger 1944, species. - Type strain: ATCC 17777.

Clostridium baratii corrig. (Prévot 1938) Holdeman and Moore 1970, species. - Type strain: ATCC 27638.
Note: The original spelling, Clostridium barati (sic), has been corrected by Cato et al. 1986. - Reference: CATO (E.P.), GEORGE (W.L.) and FINEGOLD (S.M.): Genus Clostridium Prazmowski 1880, 23AL. In: P.H.A. SNEATH, N.S. MAIR, M.E. SHARPE and J.G. HOLT (ed.) Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, vol. 2, The Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore, 1986, p. 1141-1200.

Clostridium barkeri Stadtman et al. 1972, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25849.

Clostridium beijerinckii Donker 1926, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25752.

Clostridium bifermentans (Weinberg and Seguin 1918) Bergey et al. 1923, species. - Type strain: ATCC 638.

Clostridium botulinum (Van Ermengem 1896) Bergey et al. 1923, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25763.

Clostridium butyricum Prazmowski 1880, species. - Type strain: ATCC 19398.

Clostridium cadaveris (Klein 1899) McClung and McCoy 1957, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25783.

Clostridium carnis (Klein 1904) Spray 1939, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25777.

Clostridium celatum Hauschild and Holdeman 1974, species. - Type strain: ATCC 27791.

Clostridium cellobioparum Hungate 1944, species. - Type strain: ATCC 15832.

Clostridium chauvoei (Arloing et al. 1887) Scott 1928, species. - Type strain: ATCC 10092.

Clostridium clostridioforme corrig. (Burri and Ankersmit 1906) Kaneuchi et al. 1976, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25537.
Note: The original spelling, Clostridium clostridiiforme (sic), has been corrected by Cato et al. 1986. - Reference: CATO (E.P.), GEORGE (W.L.) and FINEGOLD (S.M.): Genus Clostridium Prazmowski 1880, 23AL. In: P.H.A. SNEATH, N.S. MAIR, M.E. SHARPE and J.G. HOLT (ed.) Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, vol. 2, The Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore, 1986, p. 1141-1200.

Clostridium coccoides Kaneuchi et al. 1976, species. - Type strain: ATCC 29236.

Clostridium cochlearium (Douglas et al. 1919) Bergey et al. 1923, species. - Type strain: ATCC 17787.

Clostridium cocleatum Kaneuchi et al. 1979, species. - Type strain: ATCC 29902.

Clostridium difficile (Hall and O'Toole 1935) Prévot 1938, species. - Type strain: ATCC 9689.

Clostridium durum Smith and Cato 1974, species. - Type strain: ATCC 27763.

Clostridium fallax (Weinberg and Seguin 1915) Bergey et al. 1923, species. - Type strain: ATCC 19400.

Clostridium felsineum (Carbone and Tombolato 1917) Bergey et al. 1939, species. - Type strain: ATCC 17788.

Clostridium formicaceticum corrig. Andreesen et al. 1970, species. - Type strain: ATCC 27076.
Note: The original spelling, Clostridium formicoaceticum (sic), has been corrected by Cato et al. 1986. - Reference: CATO (E.P.), GEORGE (W.L.) and FINEGOLD (S.M.): Genus Clostridium Prazmowski 1880, 23AL. In: P.H.A. SNEATH, N.S. MAIR, M.E. SHARPE and J.G. HOLT (ed.) Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, vol. 2, The Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore, 1986, p. 1141-1200.

Clostridium ghonii corrig. Prévot 1938, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25757.
Note: The original spelling, Clostridium ghoni (sic), has been corrected by Cato et al. 1986. - Reference: CATO (E.P.), GEORGE (W.L.) and FINEGOLD (S.M.): Genus Clostridium Prazmowski 1880, 23AL. In: P.H.A. SNEATH, N.S. MAIR, M.E. SHARPE and J.G. HOLT (ed.) Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, vol. 2, The Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore, 1986, p. 1141-1200.

Clostridium glycolicum Gaston and Stadtman 1963, species. - Type strain: ATCC 14880.

Clostridium haemolyticum (Hall 1929) Scott et al. 1935, species. - Type strain: ATCC 9650.

Clostridium hastiforme MacLennan 1939, species. - Type strain: VPI 12193.

Clostridium histolyticum (Weinberg and Seguin 1916) Bergey et al. 1923, species. - Type strain: ATCC 19401.

Clostridium indolis McClung and McCoy 1957, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25771.

Clostridium innocuum Smith and King 1962, species. - Type strain: ATCC 14501.

Clostridium irregulare corrig. (Choukévitch 1911) Prévot 1938, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25756.
Note: The original spelling, Clostridium irregularis (sic), has been corrected by Cato et al. 1986. - Reference: CATO (E.P.), GEORGE (W.L.) and FINEGOLD (S.M.): Genus Clostridium Prazmowski 1880, 23AL. In: P.H.A. SNEATH, N.S. MAIR, M.E. SHARPE and J.G. HOLT (ed.) Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, vol. 2, The Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore, 1986, p. 1141-1200.

Clostridium kluyveri Barker and Taha 1942, species. - Type strain: NCIB 10680.

Clostridium lentoputrescens Hartsell and Rettger 1934, species. - Type strain: ATCC 17794.

Clostridium leptum Moore et al. 1976, species. - Type strain: ATCC 29065.

Clostridium limosum Andre 1948, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25620.

Clostridium lituseburense (Laplanche and Saissac 1948) McClung and McCoy 1957, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25759.

Clostridium malenominatum (Weinberg et al. 1937) Spray 1948, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25776.

Clostridium mangenotii (Prévot and Zimmes-Chaverou 1947) McClung and McCoy 1957, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25761.

Clostridium nexile Holdeman and Moore 1974, species. - Type strain: ATCC 27757.

Clostridium novyi (Migula 1894 [sic]) Bergey et al. 1923, species. - Type strain: strain ATCC 17861.
Note:
There is obviously a problem with the citation of Clostridium novyi and the author thanks Dr. T. Kudo (JCM) for his helpful informations.
In the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names and in the amended edition of the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names, this taxon is cited as "C. novyi (Migula 1894) Bergey, Harrison, Breed, Hammer and Huntoon 1923". The reference of the paper by Migula is the following: Migula, W. 1894, Zeitschrift fur Hygiene 17:209.
The journal name "Zeitschrift für Hygiene" was terminated in 1891 and was succeeded by "Zeitschrift für Hygiene und Infektionskrankheiten".
Zeitschrift für Hygiene und Infektionskrankheiten, 1894, 17, 209-232 is an article by F. G. Novy entitled "Ein neuer anaerober Bacillus des malignen oedems".
In the Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology sixth, seventh and eight editions, in the Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, and in the Index Bergeyana, this taxon is cited as Clostridium novyi (Migula 1900) Bergey et al. 1923 and the synonym "Bacillus novyi" is cited as "Bacillus novyi" Migula 1900. The reference is cited as follows: Migula, W. 1900. System der Bakterien. Vol. 2. Gustav Fischer, Jena.

Clostridium oceanicum Smith 1970, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25647.

Clostridium oroticum (Wachsman and Barker 1954) Cato et al. 1968, species. - Type strain: ATCC 13619.

Clostridium paraperfringens Nakamura et al. 1970, species. - Type strain: ATCC 27639.

Clostridium paraputrificum (Bienstock 1906) Snyder 1936, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25780.

Clostridium pasteurianum Winogradsky 1895, species. - Type strain: ATCC 6013.

Clostridium perenne (Prévot 1940) McClung and McCoy 1957, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25782.

Clostridium perfringens (Veillon and Zuber 1898) Hauduroy et al. 1937, species. - Type strain: ATCC 13124.

Clostridium propionicum Cardon and Barker 1946, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25522.

Clostridium putrefaciens (McBryde 1911) Sturges and Drake 1927, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25786.

Clostridium putrificum (Trevisan 1889) Reddish and Rettger 1922, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25784.

Clostridium quercicolum Stankewich et al. 1971, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25974.

Clostridium ramosum (Veillon and Zuber 1898) Holdeman et al. 1971, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25582.

Clostridium rectum (Heller 1922) Holdeman and Moore 1972, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25751.

Clostridium sardiniense corrig. Prévot 1938, species. - Type strain: VPI 2971.
Note: The original spelling, Clostridium sardiniensis (sic), has been corrected by Cato et al. 1986. - Reference: CATO (E.P.), GEORGE (W.L.) and FINEGOLD (S.M.): Genus Clostridium Prazmowski 1880, 23AL. In: P.H.A. SNEATH, N.S. MAIR, M.E. SHARPE and J.G. HOLT (ed.) Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, vol. 2, The Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore, 1986, p. 1141-1200.

Clostridium sartagoforme corrig. Partansky and Henry 1935, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25778.
Note: The original spelling, Clostridium sartagoformum (sic), has been corrected by Cato et al. 1986. - Reference: CATO (E.P.), GEORGE (W.L.) and FINEGOLD (S.M.): Genus Clostridium Prazmowski 1880, 23AL. In: P.H.A. SNEATH, N.S. MAIR, M.E. SHARPE and J.G. HOLT (ed.) Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, vol. 2, The Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore, 1986, p. 1141-1200.

Clostridium scatologenes (Weinberg and Ginsbourg 1927) Prévot 1948, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25775.

Clostridium septicum (Mace 1889) Ford 1927, species. - Type strain: ATCC 12464.

Clostridium sordellii (Hall and Scott 1927) Prévot 1938, species. - Type strain: NCIB 10717.

Clostridium sphenoides (Douglas et al. 1919) Bergey et al. 1923, species. - Type strain: ATCC 19403.

Clostridium spiroforme Kaneuchi et al. 1979, species. - Type strain: ATCC 29900.

Clostridium sporogenes (Metchnikoff 1908) Bergey et al. 1923, species. - Type strain: ATCC 3584.

Clostridium sporosphaeroides Soriano and Soriano 1948, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25781.

Clostridium sticklandii Stadtman and McClung 1957, species. - Type strain: ATCC 12662.

Clostridium subterminale (Hall and Whitehead 1927) Spray 1948, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25774.

Clostridium symbiosum (Stevens 1956) Kaneuchi et al. 1976, species. - Type strain: ATCC 14940.

Clostridium tertium (Henry 1917) Bergey et al. 1923, species. - Type strain: ATCC 14573.
Note: According to Rule 52 (2), tertium is an illegitimate epithet because it is an ordinal adjective.

Clostridium tetani (Flügge 1886) Bergey et al. 1923, species. - Type strain: ATCC 19406.

Clostridium thermaceticum corrig. Fontaine et al. 1942, species. - Type strain: DSM 521.
Note: The original spelling, Clostridium thermoaceticum (sic), has been corrected by Cato et al. 1986. - Reference: CATO (E.P.), GEORGE (W.L.) and FINEGOLD (S.M.): Genus Clostridium Prazmowski 1880, 23AL. In: P.H.A. SNEATH, N.S. MAIR, M.E. SHARPE and J.G. HOLT (ed.) Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, vol. 2, The Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore, 1986, p. 1141-1200.

Clostridium thermocellum Viljoen et al. 1926, species. - Type strain: ATCC 27405.

Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum Klaushofer and Parkkinen 1965, species. - Type strain: DSM 567.

Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum McClung 1935, species. - Type strain: ATCC 7956.

Clostridium tyrobutyricum Van Beynum and Pette 1935, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25755.

Clostridium villosum Love et al. 1979, species. - Type strain: NCTC 11220.

Coprococcus Holdeman and Moore 1974, genus. - Type species: Coprococcus eutactus.

Coprococcus catus Holdeman and Moore 1974, species. - Type strain: VPI C6-61.

Coprococcus comes Holdeman and Moore 1974, species. - Type strain: VPI C1-38.

Coprococcus eutactus Holdeman and Moore 1974, species. - Type strain: ATCC 27759.

Corynebacteriaceae Lehmann and Neumann 1907, familia. - Type genus: Corynebacterium.

Corynebacterium Lehmann and Neumann 1896, genus. - Type species: Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

Corynebacterium betae Keyworth et al. 1956, species. - Type strain: NCPPB 374.

Corynebacterium beticola Abdou 1969, species. - Type strain: NCPPB 2256.

Corynebacterium bovis Bergey et al. 1923, species. - Type strain: ATCC 7715.

Corynebacterium callunae (Lee and Good 1963) Yamada and Komagata 1972, species. - Type strain: ATCC 15991.

Corynebacterium cystitidis Yanagawa and Honda 1978, species. - Type strain: ATCC 29593.

Corynebacterium diphtheriae (Kruse 1886) Lehmann and Neumann 1896, species. - Type strain: ATCC 27010.

Corynebacterium equi Magnusson 1923, species. - Type strain: ATCC 6939.

Corynebacterium fascians (Tilford 1936) Dowson 1942, species. - Type strain: ATCC 12974.

Corynebacterium flaccumfaciens (Hedges 1922) Dowson 1942, species. - Type strain: NCPPB 1446.

Corynebacterium flavescens Barksdale et al. 1979, species. - Type strain: ATCC 10340.

Corynebacterium glutamicum (Kinoshita et al. 1958) Abe et al. 1967, species. - Type strain: ATCC 13032.

Corynebacterium hoagii (Morse 1912) Eberson 1918, species. - Type strain: ATCC 7005.

Corynebacterium ilicis Mandel et al. 1961, species. - Type strain: ICMP 2608 = ICPB CI144, not ATCC 14264.
Note: Following a Request for an Opinion, the Judicial Commission has therefore ruled (i) that ATCC 14264, as cited in the Approved Lists, cannot serve as the type of the species Corynebacterium ilicis, but may serve as the type of a different taxon, Arthrobacter ilicis; and (ii) that the name Corynebacterium ilicis Mandel et al. 1961 is represented by the type strain ICMP 2608 = ICPB CI144. See Judicial Opinion 87 [JUDICIAL COMMISSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON SYSTEMATICS OF PROKARYOTES: Corynebacterium ilicis is typified by ICMP 2608 =ICPB CI144, Arthrobacter ilicis is typified by DSM 20138 =ATCC 14264 =NCPPB 1228 and the two are not homotypic synonyms, and clarification of the authorship of these two species. Opinion 87. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2008, 58, 1976-1978.]

Corynebacterium insidiosum (McCulloch 1925) Jensen 1934, species. - Type strain: NCPPB 1109.

Corynebacterium kutscheri (Migula 1900) Bergey et al. 1925, species. - Type strain: ATCC 15677.

Corynebacterium lilium Lee and Good 1963, species. - Type strain: ATCC 15990.

Corynebacterium michiganense (Smith 1910) Jensen 1934, species. - Type strain: NCPPB 2979.

Corynebacterium nebraskense Vidaver and Mandel 1974, species. - Type strain: NCPPB 2581.
Note: On the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names, this nomenclatural name is incorrectly cited as Corynebacterium nebraskense (Schuster et al. 1973) emend. Vidaver and Mandel 1974 (sic). - Reference: HILL (L.R.), SKERMAN (V.B.D.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.): Corrigenda to the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names edited for the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1984, 34, 508-511.

Corynebacterium oortii Saaltink and Maas Geesteranus 1969, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25283.

Corynebacterium paurometabolum Steinhaus 1941, species. - Type strain: ATCC 8368.

Corynebacterium pilosum Yanagawa and Honda 1978, species. - Type strain: ATCC 29592.

Corynebacterium poinsettiae (Starr and Pirone 1942) Burkholder 1948, species. - Type strain: ATCC 9682.

Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum Lehmann and Neumann 1896, species. - Type strain: ATCC 10700.

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (Buchanan 1911) Eberson 1918, species. - Type strain: ATCC 19410.

Corynebacterium pyogenes (Glage 1903) Eberson 1918, species. - Type strain: ATCC 19411.

Corynebacterium rathayi (Smith 1913) Dowson 1942, species. - Type strain: NCPPB 2980.

Corynebacterium renale (Migula 1900) Ernst 1906, species. - Type strain: ATCC 19412.

Corynebacterium sepedonicum (Spieckermann and Kotthoff 1914) Skaptason and Burkholder 1942, species. - Type strain: ATCC 33113.

Corynebacterium striatum (Chester 1901) Eberson 1918, species. - Type strain: ATCC 6940.
Note: None of the reference strains fits the descriptions in the original publications. It appears that the wrong strains were deposited in Major Culture Collections. This is a substantial case for declaring Corynebacterium striatum a nomen dubium (Rule 56a). However, if a careful search reveals a strain or strains used in the original description agreeing in its characteristics, then a neotype strain can be proposed (Rule 18c). - Reference: COYLE (M.B.), LEONARD (R.B.) and NOWOWIEJSKI (D.J.): Pursuit of the Corynebacterium striatum type strain. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1993, 43, 848-851.

Corynebacterium xerosis (Lehmann and Neumann 1896) Lehmann and Neumann 1899, species. - Type strain: ATCC 373.
Note: On the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names, and on the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names (Amended Edition), this taxon is cited as Corynebacterium xerosis Lehmann and Neumann 1899.

Cowdria Moshkovski 1947, genus. - Type species: Cowdria ruminantium.

Cowdria ruminantium (Cowdry 1925) Moshkovski 1947, species. - Type strain: no culture isolated.
Note: Several strains have been isolated since the Approved Lists 1980 but, no type strain has been designated.

Coxiella (Philip 1943) Philip 1948, genus. - Type species: Coxiella burnetii.

Coxiella burnetii (Derrick 1939) Philip 1948, species. - Type strain: ATCC VR-615.
Note: In the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names, the type strain is erroneously cited as ATCC VR 615 (without dash). - Reference: TANG (J.): Personal communication (May 30, 2001).

Crenothrix Cohn 1870, genus. - Type species: Crenothrix polyspora.

Crenothrix polyspora Cohn 1870, species. - Type strain: no culture isolated.

Crenotrichaceae Hansgirg 1888, familia. - Type genus: Crenothrix.

Cristispira Gross 1910, genus. - Type species: Cristispira pectinis.

Cristispira pectinis Gross 1910, species. - Type strain: no culture isolated.

Curtobacterium Yamada and Komagata 1972, genus. - Type species: Curtobacterium citreum.

Curtobacterium albidum (Komagata and Iizuka 1964) Yamada and Komagata 1972, species. - Type strain: ATCC 15831.

Curtobacterium citreum (Komagata and Iizuka 1964) Yamada and Komagata 1972, species. - Type strain: ATCC 15828.

Curtobacterium luteum (Komagata and Iizuka 1964) Yamada and Komagata 1972, species. - Type strain: IAM 1623.

Curtobacterium pusillum (Iizuka and Komagata 1965) Yamada and Komagata 1972, species. - Type strain: ATCC 19096.

Curtobacterium saperdae (Lysenko 1959) Yamada and Komagata 1972, species. - Type strain: ATCC 19272.

Curtobacterium testaceum (Komagata and Iizuka 1964) Yamada and Komagata 1972, species. - Type strain: ATCC 15829.

Cystobacter Schroeter 1886, genus. - Type species: Cystobacter fuscus.

Cystobacter ferrugineus (Krzemieniewska and Krzemieniewski 1927) McCurdy 1970, species. - Type strain: Windsor M-203.

Cystobacter fuscus Schroeter 1886, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25194.

Cystobacter minus (Krzemieniewska and Krzemieniewski 1926) McCurdy 1970, species. - Type strain: Windsor M-307.

Cystobacteraceae McCurdy 1970, familia. - Type genus: Cystobacter.

Cytophaga Wynogradsky 1929, genus. - Type species: Cytophaga hutchinsonii.

Cytophaga aquatilis Strohl and Tait 1978, species. - Type strain: ATCC 29551.

Cytophaga fermentans Bachmann 1955, species. - Type strain: ATCC 19072.

Cytophaga flevensis van der Meulen et al. 1974, species. - Type strain: ATCC 27944.

Cytophaga hutchinsonii Winogradsky 1929, species. - Type strain: NCIB 9469.

Cytophaga johnsonae Stanier 1947, species. - Type strain: ATCC 17061.
Note: According Bernardet et al., the original spelling should be changed to Cytophaga johnsoniae (named in honor of Delia E. Johnson). - Reference: BERNARDET (J.F.), SEGERS (P.), VANCANNEYT (M.), BERTHE (F.), KERSTERS (K.) and VANDAMME (P.): Cutting a Gordian knot: emended classification and description of the genus Flavobacterium, emended description of the family Flavobacteriaceae, and proposal of Flavobacterium hydatis nom. nov. (basonym, Cytophaga aquatilis Strohl and Tait 1978). Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1996, 46, 128-148.

Cytophaga latercula Lewin 1969, species. - Type strain: ATCC 23177.

Cytophaga lytica Lewin 1969, species. - Type strain: ATCC 23178.

Cytophaga salmonicolor Veldkamp 1961, species. - Type strain: ATCC 19041.

Cytophagaceae Stanier 1940, familia. - Type genus: Cytophaga.

Cytophagales Leadbetter 1974, ordo. - Type genus: Cytophaga.

D

Dactylosporangium Thiemann et al. 1967, genus. - Type species: Dactylosporangium aurantiacum.

Dactylosporangium aurantiacum Thiemann et al. 1967, species. - Type strain: ATCC 23491.

Dactylosporangium thailandense Thiemann et al. 1967, species. - Type strain: ATCC 23490.

Dermatophilaceae Austwick 1958, familia. - Type genus: Dermatophilus.

Dermatophilus (Van Saceghem 1915) Gordon 1964, genus. - Type species: Dermatophilus congolensis.

Dermatophilus congolensis (Van Saceghem 1915) Gordon 1964, species. - Type strain: ATCC 14637.

Derxia Jensen et al. 1960, genus. - Type species: Derxia gummosa.

Derxia gummosa Jensen et al. 1960, species. - Type strain: ATCC 15994.

Desulfomonas Moore et al. 1976, genus. - Type species: Desulfomonas pigra.

Desulfomonas pigra Moore et al. 1976, species. - Type strain: ATCC 29098.

Desulfotomaculum Campbell and Postgate 1965, genus. - Type species: Desulfotomaculum nigrificans.

Desulfotomaculum acetoxidans Widdel and Pfennig 1977, species. - Type strain: DSM 771.

Desulfotomaculum nigrificans (Werkman and Weaver 1927) Campbell and Postgate 1965, species. - Type strain: ATCC 19998.

Desulfotomaculum orientis Campbell and Postgate 1965, species. - Type strain: ATCC 19365.
Note: In the Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology eight edition and in the Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, this taxon is cited as Desulfotomaculum orientis (Adams and Postgate 1959) Campbell and Postgate 1965.

Desulfotomaculum ruminis Campbell and Postgate 1965, species. - Type strain: ATCC 23193.

Desulfovibrio Kluyver and van Niel 1936, genus. - Type species: Desulfovibrio desulfuricans.

Desulfovibrio africanus Campbell et al. 1966, species. - Type strain: NCIB 8401.

Desulfovibrio desulfuricans (Beijerinck 1895) Kluyver and van Niel 1936, species. - Type strain: NCIB 8307.

Desulfovibrio desulfuricans subsp. aestuarii Postgate and Campbell 1966, subspecies. - Type strain: NCIB 9335.

Desulfovibrio desulfuricans subsp. desulfuricans (Beijerinck 1895) Postgate and Campbell 1966, subspecies. - Type strain: NCIB 8307.
Note: The original autorship, (Beijerinck 1895) Kluyver and van Niel 1936, was corrected according to the new Rule 40d.
Reference: GARRITY (G.M.), LABEDA (D.P.) and OREN (A.): Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes. XIIth International (IUMS) Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology. Minutes of the meetings, 3, 4 and 6 August 2008, Istanbul, Turkey. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2011, 61, 2775-2780.
Original article in IJSEM Online

Desulfovibrio gigas Le Gall 1963, species. - Type strain: NCIB 9332.

Desulfovibrio salexigens Postgate and Campbell 1966, species. - Type strain: ATCC 14822.

Desulfovibrio thermophilus Razanova and Khudyakova 1974, species. - Type strain: VKM V-1128.

Desulfovibrio vulgaris Postgate and Campbell 1966, species. - Type strain: DSM 644.

Desulfovibrio vulgaris subsp. oxamicus Postgate and Campbell 1966, subspecies. - Type strain: NCIB 9442.

Desulfovibrio vulgaris subsp. vulgaris Postgate and Campbell 1966, subspecies. - Type strain: DSM 644.

Desulfuromonas Pfennig and Biebl 1977, genus. - Type species: Desulfuromonas acetoxidans.

Desulfuromonas acetoxidans Pfennig and Biebl 1977, species. - Type strain: DSM 684.

E

Ectothiorhodospira Pelsh 1936, genus. - Type species: Ectothiorhodospira mobilis.

Ectothiorhodospira halochloris Imhoff and Trüper 1979, species. - Type strain: DSM 1059.

Ectothiorhodospira halophila Raymond and Sistrom 1969, species. - Type strain: DSM 244.

Ectothiorhodospira mobilis Pelsh 1936, species. - Type strain: DSM 237.

Ectothiorhodospira shaposhnikovii Cherni et al. 1969, species. - Type strain: DSM 243.

Edwardsiella Ewing and McWhorter 1965, genus. - Type species: Edwardsiella tarda.

Edwardsiella anguillimortifera (Hoshina 1962) Sakazaki and Tamura 1975, species. - Type strain: ATCC 15947.
Note: Edwardsiella anguillimortifera (Hoshina 1962) Sakazaki and Tamura 1975 (Approved Lists 1980) and Edwardsiella tarda Ewing and McWhorter 1965 (Approved Lists 1980) have the same type strain and Edwardsiella anguillimortifera (Hoshina 1962) Sakazaki and Tamura 1975 (Approved Lists 1980) is the earlier synonym. However, Farmer et al. 1976 have submitted a request for an opinion to conserve the specific epithet tarda over the specific epithet anguillimortifera. Opinion pending. - Reference: FARMER III (J.J.), BRENNER (D.J.) and CLARK (W.A.): Proposal to conserve the specific epithet tarda over the specific epithet anguillimortiferum in the name of the organism presently know as Edwardsiella tarda: Request for an opinion. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1976, 26, 293-294.

Edwardsiella tarda Ewing and McWhorter 1965, species. - Type strain: ATCC 15947.
Note: Edwardsiella tarda Ewing and McWhorter 1965 (Approved Lists 1980) and Edwardsiella anguillimortifera (Hoshina 1962) Sakazaki and Tamura 1975 (Approved Lists 1980) have the same type strain and Edwardsiella anguillimortifera (Hoshina 1962) Sakazaki and Tamura 1975 (Approved Lists 1980) is the earlier synonym. However, Farmer et al. 1976 have submitted a request for an opinion to conserve the specific epithet tarda over the specific epithet anguillimortifera. Opinion pending. - Reference: FARMER III (J.J.), BRENNER (D.J.) and CLARK (W.A.): Proposal to conserve the specific epithet tarda over the specific epithet anguillimortiferum in the name of the organism presently know as Edwardsiella tarda: Request for an opinion. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1976, 26, 293-294.

Ehrlichia Moshkovski 1945, genus. - Type species: Ehrlichia canis.

Ehrlichia canis (Donatien and Lestoquard 1935) Moshkovski 1945, species. - Type strain: no culture isolated.
Note: Several strains have been isolated since the Approved Lists 1980 but, no type strain has been designated.

Ehrlichia phagocytophila (Foggie 1949) Philip 1962, species. - Type strain: no culture isolated.
Note: Several strains have been isolated since the Approved Lists 1980 but, no type strain has been designated.

Ehrlichiaceae Moshkovski 1945, familia. - Type genus: Ehrlichia.

Ehrlichieae Philip 1957, tribus. - Type genus: Ehrlichia.

Eikenella Jackson and Goodman 1972, genus. - Type species: Eikenella corrodens.

Eikenella corrodens (Eiken 1958) Jackson and Goodman 1972, species. - Type strain: ATCC 23834.
Note: On the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names (Amended Edition), the name Eikenella corrodens appears twice. In the first appearance, typographic errors have been made so, the first appearance of Eikenella corrodens (page 61, column 2, paragraph 6, and page 62, column 1, lines 1-4) should be deleted. - Reference: EUZÉBY (J.P.): Corrigenda to the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names and to the amended edition of the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1997, 47, 1271-1272.

Elytrosporangium Falcao de Morais et al. 1966, genus. - Type species: Elytrosporangium brasiliense corrig. (Elytrosporangium brasiliensis [sic]).

Elytrosporangium brasiliense corrig. Falcão de Morais et al. 1966, species. - Type strain: ATCC 23727.
Note: The original spelling, Elytrosporangium brasiliensis (sic), has been corrected by Hill et al. 1984. - Reference: HILL (L.R.), SKERMAN (V.B.D.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.): Corrigenda to the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names edited for the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1984, 34, 508-511.

Elytrosporangium carpinense Falcao de Morais et al. 1971, species. - Type strain: 70-6-2 (Lab. Microbiol. Inst. Biociencias Univer. Federal Pernambucco, Recife, Brazil).

Elytrosporangium spirale Falcao de Morais 1970, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25664.

Enterobacter Hormaeche and Edwards 1960, genus. - Type species: Enterobacter cloacae.
Note: According to the Judicial Opinion 15, the genus Enterobacter Hormaeche and Edwards 1960 (Approved Lists 1980) is an exception to Rules 15 and 21a because it is not the type genus of the family Enterobacteriaceae Rahn 1937 (Approved Lists 1980). The Judicial Opinion 15 states that the nomenclatural type of the family Enterobacteriaceae Rahn 1937 (Approved Lists 1980) is the the genus Escherichia Castellani and Chalmers 1919 (Approved Lists 1980). - Reference: LAPAGE (S.P.), SNEATH (P.H.A.), LESSEL (E.F.), SKERMAN (V.B.D.), SEELIGER (H.P.R.) and CLARK (W.A.): International code of nomenclature of bacteria (1990 revision), American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C., 1992, p. 93.

Enterobacter aerogenes Hormaeche and Edwards 1960, species. - Type strain: ATCC 13048.

Enterobacter agglomerans Ewing and Fife 1972, species. - Type strain: ATCC 27155.
Note: M.W. Beijerinck [1] published the name "Bacillus agglomerans" in 1888. W.H. Ewing and M.A. Fife [2] changed the name to Enterobacter agglomerans in 1972 as a new combination, acknowledging that Beijerinck had been the original author and making the new full name: Enterobacter agglomerans (Beijerinck 1888) Ewing and Fife 1972. However, the Approved List of Bacterial Names omitted Beijerinck from the name in 1980 and listed only Ewing and Fife as the authors [3]. - References: 1 BEIJERINCK (M.W.): Cultur des Bacillus radicola aus den Knöllchen. Bot. Ztg. 1888, 46, 740-750. 2 EWING (W.H.) and FIFE (M.A.): Enterobacter agglomerans (Beijerinck) comb. nov. (the Herbicola-Lathyri bacteria). Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1972, 22, 4-11. 3 EDWARDS (J.): Personal communication (July 30, 2003).

Enterobacter cloacae (Jordan 1890) Hormaeche and Edwards 1960, species. - Type strain: ATCC 13047.
Note: On the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names, and on the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names (Amended Edition), this nomenclatural name is incorrectly cited as Enterobacter cloacae (Jordon (sic) 1890) Hormaeche and Edwards 1960. - Reference: EUZÉBY (J.P.): Corrigenda to the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names and to the amended edition of the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1997, 47, 1271-1272.

Enterobacteriaceae Rahn 1937, familia. - Type genus: Escherichia.
Note: The family name Enterobacteriaceae was omitted from the body of the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names 1980, but a footnote was inserted on page 236 indicating that the name was sub judice, referring to the proposal by Lapage. This has led to some confusion over the status of the name. The Judicial Commission has reviewed this question and concluded that the family name Enterobacteriaceae Rahn 1937 is valid and should have been incorporated in the body of the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names 1980. - References: 1 LAPAGE (S.P.): Proposal of Enterobacteraceae nom. nov. as a substitute for the illegitimate but conserved name Enterobacteriaceae Rahn 1937. Request for an opinion. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1979, 29, 265-266. 2 JUDICIAL COMMISSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY: Present standing of the family name Enterobacteriaceae Rahn 1937. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1981, 31, 104. 3 WAYNE (L.G.): Actions of the Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology on requests for opinions published between July 1979 and April 1981. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1982, 32, 464-465. 4 BRENNER (D.J.): Opposition to the proposal to replace the family name Enterobacteriaceae. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1983, 33, 892-895. 5 ICSB, SUBCOMMITTEE ON THE TAXONOMY OF THE ENTEROBACTERIACEAE: Minutes of the meeting, 6 September 1978, Munich, Federal Republic of Germany. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1984, 34, 242. 6 ICSB, Subcommittee on the Taxonomy of the Enterobacteriaceae: Minutes of the meeting, 10 August 1982, Boston, Massachusetts. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1984, 34, 243-244. 7 WAYNE (L.G.): Actions of the Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology on requests for opinions published in 1982. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1984, 34, 272-273. 8 HILL (L.R.), SKERMAN (V.B.D.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.): Corrigenda to the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names edited for the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1984, 34, 508-511.

Eperythrozoon Schilling 1928, genus. - Type species: Eperythrozoon coccoides.

Eperythrozoon coccoides Schilling 1928, species. - Type strain: no culture isolated.

Eperythrozoon ovis Neitz et al. 1934, species. - Type strain: no culture isolated.

Eperythrozoon parvum Splitter 1950, species. - Type strain: no culture isolated.

Eperythrozoon suis Splitter 1950, species. - Type strain: no culture isolated.

Eperythrozoon wenyonii Adler and Ellenbogen 1934, species. - Type strain: no culture isolated.

Erwinia Winslow et al. 1920, genus. - Type species: Erwinia amylovora.

Erwinia amylovora (Burrill 1882) Winslow et al. 1920, species. - Type strain: ATCC 15580.

Erwinia ananatis corrig. Serrano 1928, species. - Type strain: NCPPB 1846.
Note: The original spelling of the specific epithet, ananas (sic), has been corrected by Trüper and De' Clari 1997. - Reference: TRÜPER (H.G.) and DE' CLARI (L.): Taxonomic note: Necessary correction of specific epithets formed as substantives (nouns) "in apposition". Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1997, 47, 908-909.

Erwinia cancerogena Urosevic 1966, species. - Type strain: NCPPB 2176.

Erwinia carnegieana Standring 1942, species. - Type strain: NCPPB 439.

Erwinia carotovora (Jones 1901) Bergey et al. 1923, species. - Type strain: ATCC 15713.

Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica (van Hall 1902) Dye 1969, subspecies. - Type strain: NCPPB 549.

Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora (Jones 1901) Dye 1969, subspecies. - Type strain: ATCC 15713.
Note: The original autorship, (Jones 1901) Bergey et al. 1923, was corrected according to the new Rule 40d.
Reference: GARRITY (G.M.), LABEDA (D.P.) and OREN (A.): Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes. XIIth International (IUMS) Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology. Minutes of the meetings, 3, 4 and 6 August 2008, Istanbul, Turkey. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2011, 61, 2775-2780.
Original article in IJSEM Online

Erwinia chrysanthemi Burkholder et al. 1953, species. - Type strain: ATCC 11663.

Erwinia cypripedii (Hori 1911) Bergey et al. 1923, species. - Type strain: PDDCC 1591.

Erwinia dissolvens (Rosen 1922) Burkholder 1948, species. - Type strain: ATCC 23373.

Erwinia herbicola (Lohnis 1911) Dye 1964, species. - Type strain: NCPPB 2971.

Erwinia mallotivora Goto 1976, species. - Type strain: ATCC 29573.

Erwinia milletiae (Kawakami and Yoshida 1920) Magrou 1937, species. - Type strain: NCPPB 2519.

Erwinia nigrifluens Wilson et al. 1957, species. - Type strain: ATCC 13028.

Erwinia nimipressuralis (Carter 1945) Dye 1969, species. - Type strain: ATCC 9912.
Note: In the Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology eight edition, and in the Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, this taxon is cited as Erwinia nimipressuralis Carter 1945.

Erwinia paradisiaca Fernandez-Borrero and Lopez-Duque 1970, species. - Type strain: NCPPB 2511.

Erwinia quercina Hildebrandt and Schroth 1967, species. - Type strain: ATCC 29281.

Erwinia rhapontici (Millard 1924) Burkholder 1948, species. - Type strain: ATCC 29283.

Erwinia rubrifaciens Wilson et al. 1967, species. - Type strain: ATCC 29291.

Erwinia salicis (Day 1924) Chester 1939, species. - Type strain: ATCC 15712.

Erwinia stewartii (Smith 1898) Dye 1963, species. - Type strain: ATCC 8199.

Erwinia tracheiphila (Smith 1895) Bergey et al. 1923, species. - Type strain: NCPPB 2452.

Erwinia uredovora (Pon et al. 1954) Dye 1963, species. - Type strain: ATCC 19321.

Erwinieae Winslow et al. 1920, tribus. - Type genus: Erwinia.

Erysipelothrix Rosenbach 1909, genus. - Type species: Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae.

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (Migula 1900) Buchanan 1918, species. - Type strain: ATCC19414.

Escherichia Castellani and Chalmers 1919, genus. - Type species: Escherichia coli.
Note: According to Judicial Opinion 15 the genus Escherichia Castellani and Chalmers 1919 (Approved Lists 1980) is the type genus of the family Enterobacteriaceae Rahn 1937 (Approved Lists 1980). - Reference: LAPAGE (S.P.), SNEATH (P.H.A.), LESSEL (E.F.), SKERMAN (V.B.D.), SEELIGER (H.P.R.) and CLARK (W.A.): International code of nomenclature of bacteria (1990 revision), American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C., 1992, p. 93.

Escherichia adecarboxylata Leclerc 1962, species. - Type strain: ATCC 23216.

Escherichia blattae Burgess et al. 1973, species. - Type strain: CDC 9005-74.

Escherichia coli (Migula 1895) Castellani and Chalmers 1919, species. - Type strain: ATCC 11775.

Escherichieae Bergey et al. 1939, tribus. - Type genus: Escherichia.

Eubacteriales Buchanan 1917, ordo. - Type genus: Eubacterium.

Eubacterieae Prévot 1961, tribus. - Type genus: Eubacterium.

Eubacteriineae Breed et al. 1944, subordo. - Type genus: Eubacterium.

Eubacterium Prévot 1938 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. Cato et al. 1983, genus. - New type species: Eubacterium limosum.
Note: In the Approved Lists (1980), the type species is "Eubacterium foedans". However, "Eubacterium foedans" (Klein 1908) Prévot 1938 is not included on the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names and is not a valid species.

Eubacterium aerofaciens (Eggerth 1935) Prévot 1938, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25986.

Eubacterium alactolyticum (Prévot and Taffanel 1942) Holdeman and Moore 1970, species. - Type strain: ATCC 23263.

Eubacterium biforme (Eggerth 1935) Prévot 1938, species. - Type strain: ATCC 27806.

Eubacterium budayi (Le Blaye and Guggenheim 1914) Holdeman and Moore 1970, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25541.

Eubacterium cellulosolvens (Bryant et al. 1958) Holdeman and Moore 1972, species. - Type strain: strain Bryant B₃48.
Note: On the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names, the type strain is incorrectly cited as Bryant B348 (sic).

Eubacterium combesii (Prévot and Laplanche 1947) Holdeman and Moore 1970, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25545.

Eubacterium contortum (Prévot 1947) Holdeman et al. 1971, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25540.

Eubacterium cylindroides (Rocchi 1908) Holdeman and Moore 1970, species. - Type strain: ATCC 27803.

Eubacterium dolichum Moore et al. 1976, species. - Type strain: ATCC 29143.

Eubacterium eligens Holdeman and Moore 1974, species. - Type strain: VPI C15-48.

Eubacterium fissicatena Taylor 1972, species. - Type strain: NCIB 10446.

Eubacterium formicigenerans Holdeman and Moore 1974, species. - Type strain: ATCC 27755.

Eubacterium hadrum Moore et al. 1976, species. - Type strain: VPI B2-52.

Eubacterium hallii Holdeman and Moore 1974, species. - Type strain: VPI B4-27.

Eubacterium lentum (Eggerth 1935) Prévot 1938, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25559.

Eubacterium limosum (Eggerth 1935) Prévot 1938, species. - Type strain: ATCC 8486.
Note: Eubacterium limosum (Eggerth 1935) Prévot 1938 (Approved Lists 1980) is the new type species of the genus Eubacterium Prévot 1938 (Approved Lists 1980). - References: 1 CATO (E.P.), HOLDEMAN (L.V.) and MOORE (W.E.C.): Designation of Eubacterium limosum (Eggerth) Prévot as the type species of Eubacterium. Request for an Opinion. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1981, 31, 209-210. 2 JUDICIAL OPINION 57: Designation of Eubacterium limosum (Eggerth) Prévot 1938 as the type species of Eubacterium. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1983, 33, 434. 3 WAYNE (L.G.): Actions of the Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology on requests for opinions published between July 1979 and April 1981. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1982, 32, 464-465.

Eubacterium moniliforme (Repaci 1910) Holdeman and Moore 1970, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25546.

Eubacterium multiforme (Distaso 1911) Holdeman and Moore 1970, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25552.

Eubacterium nitritogenes Prévot 1940, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25547.

Eubacterium plexicaudatum Wilkins et al. 1974, species. - Type strain: VPI 7582.

Eubacterium ramulus Moore et al. 1976, species. - Type strain: ATCC 29099.

Eubacterium rectale (Hauduroy et al. 1937) Prévot 1938, species. - Type strain: VPI 0989.
Note: VPI 0989, the type strain in the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names was deposited in ATCC (ATCC 25578) but was lost in both collections. A different isolate, VPI 0990 = ATCC 33656 = CIP 105953, from the same fecal sample has been deposited to represent the type strain. Because these isolates came from the same sample, Moore and Holdeman Moore believe that they are the same strain. According to Rule 18c, a neotype strain must be proposed in the IJSB (now IJSEM) and the proposal by Moore and Holdeman Moore is illegitimate. The neotype strain VPI 0990 = ATCC 33656 = CIP 105953 is not an established neotype (see Rule 18c). - References: 1 MOORE (W.E.C.) and HOLDEMAN MOORE (L.V.): Genus Eubacterium Prévot 1938, 294^AL. In: P.H.A. SNEATH, N.S. MAIR, M.E. SHARPE and J.G. HOLT (ed.) Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, vol. 2, The Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore, 1986, pp. 1353-1373. 2 TANG (J.): Personal communication (April 30, 2002).

Eubacterium ruminantium Bryant 1959, species. - Type strain: ATCC 17233.

Eubacterium saburreum (Prévot 1966) Holdeman and Moore 1970, species. - Type strain: VPI 11763.

Eubacterium siraeum Moore et al. 1976, species. - Type strain: ATCC 29066.

Eubacterium tarantellae corrig. Udey et al. 1977, species. - Type strain: ATCC 29255.
Note: The original spelling of the specific epithet, tarantellus (sic), has been corrected by Trüper and De' Clari 1997. - Reference: TRÜPER (H.G.) and DE' CLARI (L.): Taxonomic note: Necessary correction of specific epithets formed as substantives (nouns) "in apposition". Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1997, 47, 908-909.

Eubacterium tenue (Bergey et al. 1923) Holdeman and Moore 1970, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25553.

Eubacterium tortuosum (Debono 1912) Prévot 1938, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25548.

Eubacterium ventriosum (Tissier 1908) Prévot 1938, species. - Type strain: ATCC 27560.

Excellospora Agre and Guzeva 1975, genus. - Type species: Excellospora viridilutea.

Excellospora viridilutea Agre and Guzeva 1975, species. - Type strain: INMI 187.

F

Firmicutes corrig. Gibbons and Murray 1978, divisio. - Type class: not given.
Note: The original spelling, Firmacutes (sic), has been corrected by Murray 1984. - Reference: MURRAY (R.G.E.): The higher taxa, or, a place for everything... In: N.R. KRIEG and J.G. HOLT (ed.) Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, vol. 1, The Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore, 1984, p. 31-34.

Flavobacterium Bergey et al. 1923, genus. - Type species: Flavobacterium aquatile.
Note: Holmes and Owen proposed rejection of Flavobacterium aquatile as a nomen dubium and proposed substitution of Flabobacterium breve, which does not appear in the Approved lists, as the type species. The Judicial Commission voted to deny the action proposed. - References: 1 HOLMES (B.) and OWEN (R.J.): Proposal that Flavobacterium breve be substituted as the type species of the genus in place of Flavobacterium aquatile and emended description of the genus Flavobacterium: status of the named species of Flavobacterium. Request for an Opinion. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1979, 29, 416-426. 2 WAYNE (L.G.): Actions of the Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology on requests for opinions published between July 1979 and April 1981. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1982, 32, 464-465. 3 JUDICIAL COMMISSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY: Minutes of the meeting, 6 August 1982, Boston, Massachusetts. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1986, 36, 577-578. 4 JUDICIAL COMMISSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY: Minutes of the Meeting, 5 September 1986, Manchester, United Kingdom. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1987, 37, 85-87.

Flavobacterium acidificum Steinhaus 1941, species. - Type strain: NCIB 9891.

Flavobacterium acidurans Millar 1973, species. - Type strain: ATCC 27383.

Flavobacterium aquatile (Frankland and Frankland 1889) Bergey et al. 1923, species. - Type strain: ATCC 11947.
Note: Holmes and Owen proposed rejection of Flavobacterium aquatile as a nomen dubium and proposed substitution of Flabobacterium breve, which does not appear in the Approved lists, as the type species. The Judicial Commission voted to deny the action proposed. - References: 1 HOLMES (B.) and OWEN (R.J.): Proposal that Flavobacterium breve be substituted as the type species of the genus in place of Flavobacterium aquatile and emended description of the genus Flavobacterium: status of the named species of Flavobacterium. Request for an Opinion. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1979, 29, 416-426. 2 WAYNE (L.G.): Actions of the Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology on requests for opinions published between July 1979 and April 1981. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1982, 32, 464-465. 3 JUDICIAL COMMISSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY: Minutes of the meeting, 6 August 1982, Boston, Massachusetts. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1986, 36, 577-578. 4 JUDICIAL COMMISSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY: Minutes of the Meeting, 5 September 1986, Manchester, United Kingdom. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1987, 37, 85-87.

Flavobacterium balustinum Harrison 1929, species. - Type strain: NCTC 11212.

Flavobacterium capsulatum Leifson 1962, species. - Type strain: ATCC 14666.

Flavobacterium devorans (Zimmermann 1890) Bergey et al. 1923, species. - Type strain: ATCC 10829.
Note: According to the ATCC the strain ATCC 10829 is a strain of Sphingomonas paucimobilis.

Flavobacterium esteraromaticum (Omelianski 1923) Bergey et al. 1930, species. - Type strain: ATCC 8091.

Flavobacterium ferrugineum Sickles and Shaw 1934, species. - Type strain: ATCC 13524.

Flavobacterium halmophilum corrig. Elazari-Volcani 1940, species. - Type strain: ATCC 19717.
Note: The original spelling of the specific epithet, halmephilium (sic), has been corrected to halmephilum by Hill et al. 1984 [1]. This corrigendum has been omitted from the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names (Amended Edition) [2]. - References: 1 HILL (L.R.), SKERMAN (V.B.D.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.): Corrigenda to the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names edited for the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1984, 34, 508-511. 2 EUZÉBY (J.P.): Corrigenda to the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names and to the amended edition of the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1997, 47, 1271-1272.
Note: The spelling of the specific epithet, halmephilum (sic), has been corrected to halmophilum by Holmes et al. 1984. - Reference: HOLMES (B.), OWEN (R.J.) and McMEEKIN (T.A.): Genus Flavobacterium Bergey, Harrison, Breed, Hammer and Huntoon 1923, 97AL. In: N.R. KRIEG and J.G. HOLT (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, vol. 1, The Williams & Wilkins Co, Baltimore, 1984, p. 353-361.

Flavobacterium heparinum Payza and Korn 1956, species. - Type strain: ATCC 13125.

Flavobacterium indoltheticum Campbell and Williams 1951, species. - Type strain: ATCC 27950.

Flavobacterium marinotypicum ZoBell and Upham 1944, species. - Type strain: ATCC 19260.

Flavobacterium meningosepticum King 1959, species. - Type strain: ATCC 13253.

Flavobacterium oceanosedimentum Carty and Litchfield 1978, species. - Type strain: ATCC 31317.

Flavobacterium odoratum Stutzer 1929, species. - Type strain: ATCC 4651.

Flavobacterium okeanokoites ZoBell and Upham 1944, species. - Type strain: CCM 320.

Flavobacterium resinovorum Delaporte and Daste 1956, species. - Type strain: NCIB 8767.

Flavobacterium uliginosum ZoBell and Upham 1944, species. - Type strain: ATCC14397.

Flectobacillus Larkin et al. 1977, genus. - Type species: Flectobacillus major.
Note: On the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names and on the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names (Amended Edition), the type species is incorrectly cited as Flectobacillus major Larkin et al. 1977 (sic). - Reference: EUZÉBY (J.P.): Corrigenda to the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names and to the amended edition of the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1997, 47, 1271-1272.

Flectobacillus major (Gromov 1963) Larkin et al. 1977, species. - Type strain: DSM 103.

Flectobacillus marinus (Raj 1976) Borrall and Larkin 1978, species. - Type strain: ATCC 25205.

Flexibacter Soriano 1945, genus. - Type species: Flexibacter flexilis.

Flexibacter aggregans (Lewin 1969) Leadbetter 1974, species. - Type strain: ATCC 23162.