J.P. Euzéby: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature - Genus Helicobacter
Warning: In the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature, an arrow (--->) only indicates the sequence of valid publication of names and does not mean that the last name in the sequence must be used (see: Introduction).
Number of species cited in this file: 32
Number of subspecies cited in this file: 0
Classification (Warning: see also the file "Classification of prokaryotes: Introduction").
Helicobacter Goodwin et al. 1989, gen. nov. (Type genus of the family ¤ Helicobacteraceae Garrity et al. 2006).
Type species: ¤ Helicobacter pylori (Marshall et al. 1985) Goodwin et al. 1989.
Etymology: Gr. adj. helix -îkos, twisted, curved, spiral; N.L. masc. n. bacter, a rod, a staff; N.L. masc. n. Helicobacter, a spiral rod.
Reference: GOODWIN (C.S.), ARMSTRONG (J.A.), CHILVERS (T.), PETERS (M.), COLLINS (M.D.), SLY (L.), McCONNELL (W.) and HARPER (W.E.S.): Transfer of Campylobacter pylori and Campylobacter mustelae to Helicobacter gen. nov. as Helicobacter pylori comb. nov. and Helicobacter mustelae comb. nov., respectively. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1989, 39, 397-405.
Original article in IJSEM Online
---> Helicobacter Goodwin et al. 1989 emend. Vandamme et al. 1991.
Type species: ¤ Helicobacter pylori (Marshall et al. 1985) Goodwin et al. 1989.
Etymology: Gr. adj. helix -îkos, twisted, curved, spiral; N.L. masc. n. bacter, a rod, a staff; N.L. masc. n. Helicobacter, a spiral rod.
Reference: VANDAMME (P.), FALSEN (E.), ROSSAU (R.), HOSTE (B.), SEGERS (P.), TYTGAT (R.) and DE LEY (J.): Revision of Campylobacter, Helicobacter, and Wolinella taxonomy: emendation of generic descriptions and proposal of Arcobacter gen. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1991, 41, 88-103.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Helicobacter acinonychis corrig. Eaton et al. 1993, sp. nov.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain 90-119 = ATCC 51101 = CCUG 29263 = CIP 104247 = NCTC 12686.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: M88148.
Etymology: N.L. gen. n. acinonychis, of Acinonyx, referring to the feline species Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah), from which the organism was isolated.
Reference: EATON (K.A.), DEWHIRST (F.E.), RADIN (M.J.), FOX (J.G.), PASTER (B.J.), KRAKOWKA (S.) and MORGAN (D.R.): Helicobacter acinonyx sp. nov., isolated from cheetahs with gastritis. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1993, 43, 99-106.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Note: The original spelling of the specific epithet, acinonyx (sic), has been corrected by Trüper and De' Clari 1997.
Reference: TRÜPER (H.G.) and DE' CLARI (L.): Taxonomic note: Necessary correction of specific epithets formed as substantives (nouns) "in apposition". Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1997, 47, 908-909.
Original article in IJSB Online
Helicobacter anseris Fox et al. 2006, sp. nov.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain MIT 04-9362 = ATCC BAA-1299 = CCUG 52421.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: DQ415545.
Etymology: L. gen. n. anseris, of a goose.
References: VALIDATION LIST N° 111. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2006, 56, 2025-2027. [FOX (J.G.), TAYLOR (N.S.), HOWE (S.), TIDD (M.), XU (S.), PASTER (B.J.) and DEWHIRST (F.E.): Helicobacter anseris sp. nov. and Helicobacter brantae sp. nov., isolated from feces of resident Canada geese in the greater Boston area. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 2006, 72, 4633-4637.]
Validation List N° 111 in IJSEM Online - Effective publication Online
Note: The culture collection accession number CCUG 52421 has been provided on request for validation.
Reference: LISTS EDITOR, IJSEM: Validation list n° 111 (footnote **). Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2006, 56, 2025-2027.
Validation List N° 111 in IJSEM Online
Helicobacter aurati Patterson et al. 2002, sp. nov.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain MIT 97-5075c = ATCC BAA-1 = CCUG 47791.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: AF297868.
Etymology: L. adj. auratus, adorned with gold, covered with gold, gilded, golden; N.L. gen. masc. n. aurati, of the golden one, named after the golden Syrian hamster, Mesocricetus auratus, from which it was isolated.
References: VALIDATION LIST N° 84. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2002, 52, 3-4. [PATTERSON (M.M.), SCHRENZEL (M.D.), FENG (Y.), XU (S.), DEWHIRST (F.E.), PASTER (B.J.), THIBODEAU (S.A.), VERSALOVIC (J.) and FOX (J.G.): Helicobacter aurati sp. nov., a urease-positive Helicobacter species cultured from gastrointestinal tissues of Syrian hamsters. J. Clin. Microbiol., 2000, 38, 3722-3728.]
Validation List N° 84 in IJSEM Online (PDF Format) - Effective publication Online
Note: According to Rules 27(3) and 30 [1], this new species is not validly published because the effective publication only documents deposit of the type strain in a single recognized culture collection. However deposit in at least one other recognized culture collections in a different country is documented. In a Request for an Opinion, Euzéby and Tindall provide a solution whereby this name may be considered to be validly published [2].
References:
1 DE VOS (P.) and TRÜPER (H.G.): Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology. IXth International (IUMS) Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology. Minutes of the meetings, 14, 15 and 18 August 1999, Sydney, Australia. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 2000, 50, 2239-2244.
Original article in IJSEM Online, PDF format
2 EUZÉBY (J.P.) and TINDALL (B.J.): Status of strains that contravene Rules 27(3) and 30 of the Bacteriological Code. Request for an Opinion. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2004, 54, 293-301.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Helicobacter baculiformis Baele et al. 2008, sp. nov.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain M50 = CCUG 53816 = LMG 23839.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: EF070342.
Etymology: L. n. baculus, rod; L. suff. -formis (from L. n. forma, figure, shape, appearance), -like, in the shape of; N.L. masc. adj. baculiformis, rod-shaped.
Reference: BAELE (M.), DECOSTERE (A.), VANDAMME (P.), VAN DEN BULCK (K.), GRUNTAR (I.), MEHLE (J.), MAST (J.), DUCATELLE (R.) and HAESEBROUCK (F.): Helicobacter baculiformis sp. nov., isolated from feline stomach mucosa. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2008, 58, 357-364.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Helicobacter bilis Fox et al. 1997, sp. nov.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain Hb1 = ATCC 51630 = CCUG 38995 B = CIP 104752.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: U18766.
Etymology: L. n. bilis -is, bile; L. gen. n. bilis, of the bile, referring to the bodily fluid from which it was isolated.
References: VALIDATION LIST N° 61. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1997, 47, 601-602. [FOX (J.G.), YAN (L.L.), DEWHIRST (F.E.), PASTER (B.J.), SHAMES (B.), MURPHY (J.C.), HAYWARD (A.), BELCHER (J.C.) and MENDES (E.N.): Helicobacter bilis sp. nov., a novel Helicobacter species isolated from bile, livers, and intestines of aged, inbred mice. J. Clin. Microbiol., 1995, 33, 445-454.]
Validation List N° 61 in IJSEM Online - Effective publication Online
Note: Polyphasic analysis of the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of the Finnish canine and feline flexispira strains, and the reference strains of flexispira taxa 2, 3, and 8 showed that they are members of the species Helicobacter bilis Fox et al. 1997.
Reference: HÄNNINEN (M.L.), KÄRENLAMPI (R.I.), KOORT (J.M.K.), MIKKONEN (T.) and BJÖRKROTH (K.J.): Extension of the species Helicobacter bilis to include the reference strains of Helicobacter sp. flexispira taxa 2, 3 and 8 and Finnish canine and feline flexispira strains. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2005, 55, 891-898.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Helicobacter bizzozeronii Hänninen et al. 1996, sp. nov.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain Hänninen 1 = Storkis = CCUG 35545 = CIP 105233.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: Y09404.
Etymology: N.L. gen. n. bizzozeronii, of Bizzozero, named in honor of Guilio Bizzozero, an Italian pathologist who was one of the first scientists to describe spiral organisms in the canine gastric tract.
Reference: HÄNNINEN (M.L.), HAPPONEN (I.), SAARI (S.) and JALAVA (K.): Culture and characteristics of Helicobacter bizzozeronii, a new canine gastric Helicobacter sp. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1996, 46, 160-166.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Note: In the paper by Hänninen et al. 1996 no type strain is specified. By way of an erratum the strain CCUG 35045 is designated as the type strain [1]. However, the right type strain is the strain CCUG 35545 = Hänninen 1 = Storkis = CIP 105233 [2, 3].
References:
1 Erratum. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1996, 46, 839.
2 CULTURE COLLECTION, UNIVERSITY OF GÖTEBORG: Search CCUG databases.
3 E. FALSEN: Personal communication.
Helicobacter brantae Fox et al. 2006, sp. nov.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain MIT 04-9366 = ATCC BAA-1298 = CCUG 52420.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: DQ415546.
Etymology: N.L. gen. n. brantae, of Branta, the zoological genus name of Canada geese (Branta canadensis).
References: VALIDATION LIST N° 111. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2006, 56, 2025-2027. [FOX (J.G.), TAYLOR (N.S.), HOWE (S.), TIDD (M.), XU (S.), PASTER (B.J.) and DEWHIRST (F.E.): Helicobacter anseris sp. nov. and Helicobacter brantae sp. nov., isolated from feces of resident Canada geese in the greater Boston area. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 2006, 72, 4633-4637.]
Validation List N° 111 in IJSEM Online - Effective publication Online
Note: The culture collection accession number CCUG 52420 has been provided on request for validation.
Reference: LISTS EDITOR, IJSEM: Validation list n° 111 (footnote ††). Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2006, 56, 2025-2027.
Validation List N° 111 in IJSEM Online
Helicobacter canadensis Fox et al. 2002, sp. nov.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain NLEP-16143 = ATCC 700968 = CCUG 47163 = MIT 98-5491.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: AF262037.
Etymology: N.L. masc. adj. canadensis, pertaining to Canada, the country of original isolation.
References: VALIDATION LIST N° 84. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2002, 52, 3-4. [FOX (J.G.), CHIEN (C.C.), DEWHIRST (F.E.), PASTER (B.J.), SHEN (Z.), MELITO (P.L.), WOODWARD (D.L.) and RODGERS (F.G.): Helicobacter canadensis sp. nov. isolated from humans with diarrhea as an exemple of an emerging pathogen. J. Clin. Microbiol., 2000, 38, 2546-2549.]
Validation List N° 84 in IJSEM Online (PDF Format) - Effective publication Online
Note: According to Rules 27(3) and 30 [1], this new species is not validly published because the effective publication only documents deposit of the type strain in a single recognized culture collection. However deposit in at least one other recognized culture collections in a different country is documented. In a Request for an Opinion, Euzéby and Tindall provide a solution whereby this name may be considered to be validly published [2].
References:
1 DE VOS (P.) and TRÜPER (H.G.): Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology. IXth International (IUMS) Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology. Minutes of the meetings, 14, 15 and 18 August 1999, Sydney, Australia. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 2000, 50, 2239-2244.
Original article in IJSEM Online, PDF format
2 EUZÉBY (J.P.) and TINDALL (B.J.): Status of strains that contravene Rules 27(3) and 30 of the Bacteriological Code. Request for an Opinion. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2004, 54, 293-301.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Helicobacter canis Stanley et al. 1994, sp. nov.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain ATCC 51401 = CCUG 32756 = CIP 104753 = NCTC 12739.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: AY631945.
Etymology: L. gen. n. canis, of the dog, after source of first isolation.
References: VALIDATION LIST N° 49. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1994, 44, 370-371. [STANLEY (J.), LINTON (D.), BURNENS (A.P.), DEWHIRST (F.E.), OWENS (R.J.), PORTER (A.), ON (S.L.W.) and COSTAS (M.): Helicobacter canis sp. nov., a new species from dogs: an integrated study of phenotype and genotype. J. Gen. Microbiol., 1993, 139, 2495-2504.]
Validation List N° 49 in IJSEM Online - Effective publication Online
Helicobacter cetorum Harper et al. 2006, sp. nov.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain MIT 99-5656 = ATCC BAA-540 = CCUG 52418.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: AF292378.
Etymology: L. gen. pl. n. cetorum, of cetaceans (whales, dolphins).
References: VALIDATION LIST N° 111. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2006, 56, 2025-2027. [HARPER (C.G.), FENG (Y.), XU (S.), TAYLOR (N.S.), KINSEL (M.), DEWHIRST (F.E.), PASTER (B.J.), GREENWELL (M.), LEVINE (G.), ROGERS (A.) and FOX (J.G.): Helicobacter cetorum sp. nov., a urease-positive Helicobacter species isolated from dolphins and whales. J. Clin. Microbiol., 2002, 40, 4536-4543.]
Validation List N° 111 in IJSEM Online - Effective publication Online
Note: The culture collection accession number CCUG 52418 has been provided on request for validation.
Reference: LISTS EDITOR, IJSEM: Validation list n° 111 (footnote ‡‡). Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2006, 56, 2025-2027.
Validation List N° 111 in IJSEM Online
Helicobacter cholecystus Franklin et al. 1997, sp. nov.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain Hkb-1 = ATCC 700242 = CIP 105596.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: AY686606.
Etymology: N.L. n. cholecystis (from. Gr. n. cholê, bile, and Gr. n. kustis, bladder); gallbladder; N.L. masc. adj. cholecystus, related to the gallbladder.
References: VALIDATION LIST N° 61. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1997, 47, 601-602. [FRANKLIN (C.L.), BECKWITH (C.S.), LIVINGSTON (R.S.), RILEY (L.K.), GIBSON (S.V.), BESCH-WILLIFORD (C.L.) and HOOK Jr. (R.R.): Isolation of a novel Helicobacter species, Helicobacter cholecystus sp. nov., from the gallbladders of Syrian hamsters with cholangiofibrosis and centrilobular pancreatitis. J. Clin. Microbiol., 1996, 34, 2952-2958.]
Validation List N° 61 in IJSEM Online - Effective publication Online
Helicobacter cinaedi (Totten et al. 1988) Vandamme et al. 1991, comb. nov.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain Fennell 165 = CCUG 18818 = CIP 103752 = DSM 5359 = LMG 7543 = NCTC 12423.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: M88150.
Basonym: ¤ Campylobacter cinaedi Totten et al. 1988.
Etymology: L. gen. n. cinaedi, of a homosexual.
Reference: VANDAMME (P.), FALSEN (E.), ROSSAU (R.), HOSTE (B.), SEGERS (P.), TYTGAT (R.) and DE LEY (J.): Revision of Campylobacter, Helicobacter, and Wolinella taxonomy: emendation of generic descriptions and proposal of Arcobacter gen. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1991, 41, 88-103.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Notes:
1 The strain ATCC 35683, designated as the type strain of ¤ Campylobacter cinaedi by Totten et al. 1985 [1] and as the type strain of Helicobacter cinaedi by Vandamme et al. 1991 [2], is not the type strain of Helicobacter cinaedi. It is a strain of ¤ Helicobacter fennelliae (¤ Campylobacter fennelliae) [3, 4, 5, 6]. The origin of the strain ATCC 35683 remains unknown. According to P. Vandamme [6] and to S.L.W. On [7], if the origin of this strain cannot be confirmed, it should be withdrawn from distribution.
References:
1 TOTTEN (P.), FENNELL (C.L.), TENOVER (F.C.), WEZENBERG (J.M.), PERINE (P.L.), STAMM (W.E.) and HOLMES (K.K.): Campylobacter cinaedi (sp. nov.), and Campylobacter fennelliae (sp. nov.): two new Campylobacter species associated with enteric disease in homosexual men. J. Infect. Dis., 1985, 151, 131-139.
2 VANDAMME (P.), FALSEN (E.), ROSSAU (R.), HOSTE (B.), SEGERS (P.), TYTGAT (R.) and DE LEY (J.): Revision of Campylobacter, Helicobacter, and Wolinella taxonomy: emendation of generic descriptions and proposal of Arcobacter gen. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1991, 41, 88-103.
Original article in IJSEM Online
3 KUHNERT (P.), BURNENS (A.P.), ON (S.L.W.) and VANDAMME (P.A.R.): Misidentifying Helicobacter cinaedi. J. Clin. Microbiol., 2001, 39, 2751-2752.
Original article Online
4 TANG (J.): Personal communication (May 02, 2002).
5 ON (S.L.W.): International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Campylobacter and related bacteria. Minutes of the meetings, 2 and 4 September 2001, Freiburg, Germany. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2002, 52, 2339-2341.
Minutes of the meetings, 2 and 4 September 2001, Freiburg, Germany in IJSEM Online
6 ON (S.L.W.): International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Campylobacter and related bacteria. Minutes of the meeting, 31 July 2002, Paris, France. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2004, 54, 291-292.
Minutes of the meeting, 31 July 2002, Paris in IJSEM Online
7 ON (S.L.W.): International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Campylobacter and related bacteria. Minutes of the meetings, 7 and 10 September 2003, Aarhus, Denmark. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2009, 59, 195-196.
Original article in IJSEM Online
2 According to Vandamme et al. [1] and according to the subcommittee on the taxonomy of Campylobacter and related bacteria [2, 3], Helicobacter cinaedi (Totten et al. 1988) Vandamme et al. 1991 is an earlier heterotypic synonym of "Helicobacter westmeadii" Trivett-Moore et al. [4].
References:
1 VANDAMME (P.), HARRINGTON (C.S.), JALAVA (K.) and ON (S.L.W.): Misidentifying helicobacters: the Helicobacter cinaedi example. J. Clin. Microbiol., 2000, 38, 2261-2266.
Original article Online
2 ON (S.L.W.): International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Campylobacter and related bacteria. Minutes of the meetings, 13 and 16 September 1999, Baltimore, USA. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2000, 50, 1401-1403.
Original article by On 2000 in IJSEM Online (PDF Format)
3 ON (S.L.W.): International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Campylobacter and related bacteria. Minutes of the meetings, 2 and 4 September 2001, Freiburg, Germany. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2002, 52, 2339-2341.
Minutes of the meetings, 2 and 4 September 2001, Freiburg, Germany in IJSEM Online
4 TRIVETT-MOORE (N.L.), RAWLINSON (W.D.), YUEN (M.) and GILBERT (G.L.): Helicobacter westmeadii sp. nov., a new species isolated from blood cultures of two AIDS patients. J. Clin. Microbiol., 1997, 35, 1144-1150.
Original article Online
3 According to the subcommittee on the taxonomy of Campylobacter and related bacteria "Helicobacter sp. strain Mainz" represents an additional strain of Helicobacter cinaedi.
Reference: ON (S.L.W.): International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Campylobacter and related bacteria. Minutes of the meetings, 2 and 4 September 2001, Freiburg, Germany. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2002, 52, 2339-2341.
Minutes of the meetings, 2 and 4 September 2001, Freiburg, Germany in IJSEM Online
Helicobacter cynogastricus Van den Bulck et al. 2006, sp. nov.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain JKM4 = LMG 23188.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: DQ004689.
Etymology: Gr. n. kuon, dog; N.L. masc. adj. gastricus, pertaining to the stomach; N.L. masc. adj. cynogastricus, pertaining to a dog's stomach.
Reference: VAN DEN BULCK (K.), DECOSTERE (A.), BAELE (M.), VANDAMME (P.), MAST (J.), DUCATELLE (R.) and HAESEBROUCK (F.): Helicobacter cynogastricus sp. nov., isolated from the canine gastric mucosa. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2006, 56, 1559-1564.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Note: Helicobacter cynogastricus sp. nov. JKM4T = LMG 23188T has been submitted to the CCUG and NCTC culture collections but, due to the extremely fastidious nature of Helicobacter species, the strain has not been able to be revived or stored after lyophilisation. Consequently, a committee consisting of the Chairman of the ICSP, the Chairman of the JC of the ICSP and the Editor of the International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology has granted an exception in this instance to Rule 27(3) of the Bacteriological Code governing the deposit of type material in two different collections in two different countries.
Helicobacter equorum Moyaert et al. 2007, sp. nov.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain EqF1 = CCUG 52199 = LMG 23362.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: DQ307735.
Etymology: L. gen. pl. n. equorum, of horses, from where the type strain was isolated.
Reference: MOYAERT (H.), DECOSTERE (A.), VANDAMME (P.), DEBRUYNE (L.), MAST (J.), BAELE (M.), CEELEN (L.), DUCATELLE (R.) and HAESEBROUCK (F.): Helicobacter equorum sp. nov., a urease-negative Helicobacter species isolated from horse faeces. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2007, 57, 213-218.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Helicobacter felis Paster et al. 1991, sp. nov.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain CS1 = ATCC 49179 = CIP 104382 = NCTC 12436.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: M57398.
Etymology: L. gen. n. felis, of a cat.
Reference: PASTER (B.J.), LEE (A.), FOX (J.G.), DEWHIRST (F.E.), TORDOFF (L.A.), FRASER (G.J.), O'ROURKE (J.L.), TAYLOR (N.S.) and FERRERO (R.): Phylogeny of Helicobacter felis sp. nov., Helicobacter mustelae, and related bacteria. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1991, 41, 31-38.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Helicobacter fennelliae (Totten et al. 1988) Vandamme et al. 1991, comb. nov.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain Fennell 231 = ATCC 35684 = CCUG 18820 = CIP 103758 = DSM 7491 = NCTC 11612.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: M88154.
Basonym: ¤ Campylobacter fennelliae Totten et al. 1988.
Etymology: N.L. gen. fem. n. fennelliae, of Fennell, named after C.L. Fennell, the person who first isolated this organism from rectal swabs of homosexual males.
Reference: VANDAMME (P.), FALSEN (E.), ROSSAU (R.), HOSTE (B.), SEGERS (P.), TYTGAT (R.) and DE LEY (J.): Revision of Campylobacter, Helicobacter, and Wolinella taxonomy: emendation of generic descriptions and proposal of Arcobacter gen. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1991, 41, 88-103.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Helicobacter ganmani Robertson et al. 2001, sp. nov.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain CMRI H02 = CCUG 43526 = CIP 106846.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: AF000221.
Etymology: N.L. gen. n. ganmani, of ganman which, in the language of the Gadigal people (indigenous Australians who live in the Sydney Harbour area), means "snake finder". Thus ganmani is intended to refer to both the spiral, snake-like morphology of the organism and to the area in Australia from which it was first described.
Reference: ROBERTSON (B.R.), O'ROURKE (J.L.), VANDAMME (P.), ON (S.L.W.) and LEE (A.): Helicobacter ganmani sp. nov., a urease-negative anaerobe isolated from the intestines of laboratory mice. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2001, 51, 1881-1889.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Helicobacter hepaticus Fox et al. 1994, sp. nov.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain Hh-2 = ATCC 51448 = CCUG 33637 = CIP 104100 = LMG 16316.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: U07574.
Etymology: L. masc. adj. hepaticus, belonging to the liver.
References: VALIDATION LIST N° 50. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1994, 44, 595. [FOX (J.G.), DEWHIRST (F.E.), TULLY (J.G.), PASTER (B.J.), YAN (L.), TAYLOR (N.S.), COLLINS Jr. (M.J.), GORELICK (P.L.) and WARD (J.M.): Helicobacter hepaticus sp. nov., a microaerophilic bacterium isolated from livers and intestinal mucosal scrapings from mice. J. Clin. Microbiol., 1994, 32, 1238-1245.]
Validation List N° 50 in IJSEM Online - Effective publication Online
Note: "Helicobacter ulmiensis" had been designated in GenBank (AJ007931) but subsequent investigations had confirmed the strain to be an incorrectly classified Helicobacter hepaticus isolate.
Reference: ON (S.L.W.): International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Campylobacter and related bacteria. Minutes of the meetings, 7 and 10 September 2003, Aarhus, Denmark. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2009, 59, 195-196.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Helicobacter marmotae Fox et al. 2006, sp. nov.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain MIT 98-6070 = ATCC BAA-546 = CCUG 52419.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: AF333341.
Etymology: N.L. n. Marmota, scientific name of a genus of rodents; N.L. gen. n. marmotae, of Marmota, isolated from Marmota monax.
References: VALIDATION LIST N° 111. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2006, 56, 2025-2027. [FOX (J.G.), SHEN (Z.), XU (S.), FENG (Y.), DANGLER (C.A.), DEWHIRST (F.E.), PASTER (B.J.) and CULLEN (J.M.): Helicobacter marmotae sp. nov. isolated from livers of woodchucks and intestines of cats. J. Clin. Microbiol., 2002, 40, 2513-2519.]
Validation List N° 111 in IJSEM Online - Effective publication Online
Note: The culture collection accession number CCUG 52419 has been provided on request for validation.
Reference: LISTS EDITOR, IJSEM: Validation list n° 111 (footnote §§). Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2006, 56, 2025-2027.
Validation List N° 111 in IJSEM Online
Helicobacter mastomyrinus Shen et al. 2006, sp. nov.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain MIT 97-5574 = ATCC BAA-1046 = CCUG 52417.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: AY742307.
Etymology: N.L. masc. adj. mastomyrinus, pertaining to Mastomys, a rodent genus (the type strain was isolated from Mastomys natalensis).
References: VALIDATION LIST N° 111. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2006, 56, 2025-2027. [SHEN (Z.), XU (S.), DEWHIRST (F.E.), PASTER (B.J.), PENA (J.A.), MODLIN (I.M.), KIDD (M.) and FOX (J.G.): A novel enterohepatic Helicobacter species 'Helicobacter mastomyrinus' isolated from the liver and intestine of rodents. Helicobacter, 2005, 10, 59-70.]
Validation List N° 111 in IJSEM Online - Effective publication Online
Note: The culture collection accession number CCUG 52417 has been provided on request for validation.
Reference: LISTS EDITOR, IJSEM: Validation list n° 111 (footnote ||||). Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2006, 56, 2025-2027.
Validation List N° 111 in IJSEM Online
Helicobacter mesocricetorum Simmons et al. 2000, sp. nov.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: AF072471.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain MU 97-1514 = ATCC 700932 = CCUG 45420.
Etymology: N.L. n. Mesocricetus, generic name of the the Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus); N.L. gen. pl. n. mesocricetorum, of mesocriceti, of Syrian hamsters, the original source of isolation.
References: VALIDATION LIST N° 76. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2000, 50, 1699-1700. [SIMMONS (J.H.), RILEY (L.K.), BESCH-WILLIFORD (C.L.) and FRANKLIN (C.L.): Helicobacter mesocricetorum sp. nov., a novel helicobacter isolated from the feces of Syrian hamsters. J. Clin. Microbiol., 2000, 38, 1811-1817.]
Validation List N° 76 in IJSEM Online (PDF Format) - Effective publication Online
Helicobacter muridarum Lee et al. 1992, sp. nov.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain ST1 = ATCC 49282 = CCUG 29262 = CIP 104248 = LMG 13646 = NCTC 12714.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: M80205.
Etymology: N.L. pl. n. Muridae, family name for Old World rats and mice; N.L. gen. pl. n. muridarum, of the Muridae.
Reference: LEE (A.), PHILLIPS (M.W.), O'ROURKE (J.L.), PASTER (B.J.), DEWHIRST (F.E.), FRASER (G.J.), FOX (J.G.), SLY (L.I.), ROMANIUK (P.J.), TRUST (T.J.) and KOUPRACH (S.): Helicobacter muridarum sp. nov., a microaerophilic helical bacterium with a novel ultrastructure isolated from the intestinal mucosa of rodents. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1992, 42, 27-36.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Helicobacter mustelae (Fox et al. 1988) Goodwin et al. 1989, comb. nov.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain R85-13-6 = ATCC 43772 = CCUG 25715 = CIP 103759 = NCTC 12198.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: M35048.
Basonym: ¤ Campylobacter pylori subsp. mustelae Fox et al. 1988.
Other synonym: ¤ Campylobacter mustelae (Fox et al. 1988) Fox et al. 1989.
Etymology: L. n. mustela, a weasel, and also a generic name (Mustela); L. gen. n. mustelae, intended to mean of a ferret (Mustela putorius furo).
Reference: GOODWIN (C.S.), ARMSTRONG (J.A.), CHILVERS (T.), PETERS (M.), COLLINS (M.D.), SLY (L.), McCONNELL (W.) and HARPER (W.E.S.): Transfer of Campylobacter pylori and Campylobacter mustelae to Helicobacter gen. nov. as Helicobacter pylori comb. nov. and Helicobacter mustelae comb. nov., respectively. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1989, 39, 397-405.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Helicobacter nemestrinae Bronsdon et al. 1991, sp. nov.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain T81213-NTB = ATCC 49396 = CIP 104754 = DSM 7492 = LMG 14378 = NCTC 12491.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: X67854.
Etymology: N.L. gen. n. nemestrinae, of nemestrina, of the macaque species Macaca nemestrina, from which the organism was isolated.
Reference: BRONSDON (M.A.), GOODWIN (C.S.), SLY (L.I.), CHILVERS (T.) and SCHOENKNECHT (F.D.): Helicobacter nemestrinae sp. nov., a spiral bacterium found in the stomach of a pigtailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina). Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1991, 41, 148-153.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Note: According to the subcommittee on the taxonomy of Campylobacter and related bacteria it seems necessary to re-examine the taxonomic status of Helicobacter nemestrinae Bronsdon et al. 1991.
Reference: ON (S.L.W.): International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Campylobacter and related bacteria. Minutes of the meetings, 13 and 16 September 1999, Baltimore, USA. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2000, 50, 1401-1403.
Original article by On 2000 in IJSEM Online (PDF Format)
---> ¤ Helicobacter pylori (Marshall et al. 1985) Goodwin et al. 1989.
Note: Genetic data indicate that the type strain (and the only available strain) of Helicobacter nemestrinae is really a strain of Helicobacter pylori and that Helicobacter nemestrinae Brondson et al. 1991 is a later heterotypic synonym of ¤ Helicobacter pylori (Marshall et al. 1985) Goodwin et al. 1989 [1]. Although, DNA-DNA hybridization data are required to determine the taxonomic status of Helicobacter nemestrinae, unequivocally, the members of the Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Campylobacter and related bacteria felt that the current evidence strongly indicated that the Helicobacter nemestrinae type strain was, in fact, an Helicobacter pylori strain [2].
References:
1 SUERBAUM (S.), KRAFT (C.), DEWHIRST (F.E.) and FOX (J.G.): Helicobacter nemestrinae ATCC 49396T is a strain of Helicobacter pylori (Marshall et al. 1985) Goodwin et al. 1989, and Helicobacter nemestrinae Brondson et al. 1991 is therefore a junior heterotypic synonym of Helicobacter pylori. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2002, 52, 437-439.
Original article by Suerbaum et al. 2002 in IJSEM Online
2 ON (S.L.W.): International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Campylobacter and related bacteria. Minutes of the meeting, 31 July 2002, Paris, France. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2004, 54, 291-292.
Minutes of the meeting, 31 July 2002, Paris in IJSEM Online
Helicobacter pametensis Dewhirst et al. 1994, sp. nov.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain Seymour B9 = ATCC 51478 = CCUG 29255 = CIP 104249 = LMG 12678.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: M88147.
Etymology: N.L. masc. adj. pametensis, pertaining to the Pamet River, Truro, Mass.
Reference: DEWHIRST (F.E.), SEYMOUR (C.), FRASER (G.J.), PASTER (B.J.) and FOX (J.G.): Phylogeny of Helicobacter isolates from bird and swine feces and description of Helicobacter pametensis sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1994, 44, 553-560.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Helicobacter pullorum Stanley et al. 1995, sp. nov.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain ATCC 51801 = CCUG 33837 = CIP 104787 = NCTC 12824.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: AY631956.
Etymology: L. n. pullus, a young fowl, a chicken; L. gen. pl. n. pullorum, of chickens, the source of first isolation.
References: VALIDATION LIST N° 53. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1995, 45, 418-419. [STANLEY (J.), LINTON (D.), BURNENS (A.P.), DEWHIRST (F.E.), ON (S.L.W.), PORTER (A.), OWEN (R.J.) and COSTAS (M.): Helicobacter pullorum sp. nov.—genotype and phenotype of a new species isolated from poultry and from human patients with gastroenteritis. Microbiology, 1994, 140, 3441-3449.]
Validation List N° 53 in IJSEM Online - Effective publication Online
Helicobacter pylori (Marshall et al. 1985) Goodwin et al. 1989, comb. nov. (Type species of the genus).
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain Royal Perth Hospital 13487 = ATCC 43504 = CCUG 15815 B = CCUG 17874 = CCUG 39500 = CIP 103995 = DSM 4867 = JCM 12093 = LMG 18041 = LMG 19449 = NCTC 11637.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: U01330.
Basonym: ¤ Campylobacter pyloridis Marshall et al.1985.
Other synonyms: ¤ Campylobacter pylori Marshall et al. 1985 corrig. Marshall and Goodwin 1987, ¤ Campylobacter pylori corrig. Marshall et al. 1985 emend. Fox et al. 1988, ¤ Campylobacter pylori subsp. pylori Marshall et al. 1985, ¤ Campylobacter pylori corrig. Marshall et al. 1985 emend. Fox et al. 1989.
Etymology: L. n. pylorus (from Gr. n. pulôros, gate keeper), the lower orifice of the stomach, the pylorus; L. gen. n. pylori, of the pylorus.
Reference: GOODWIN (C.S.), ARMSTRONG (J.A.), CHILVERS (T.), PETERS (M.), COLLINS (M.D.), SLY (L.), McCONNELL (W.) and HARPER (W.E.S.): Transfer of Campylobacter pylori and Campylobacter mustelae to Helicobacter gen. nov. as Helicobacter pylori comb. nov. and Helicobacter mustelae comb. nov., respectively. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1989, 39, 397-405.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Note: Helicobacter pylori (Marshall et al. 1985) Goodwin et al. 1989 is an earlier heterotypic synonym of ¤ Helicobacter nemestrinae Bronsdon et al. 1991.
References:
1 SUERBAUM (S.), KRAFT (C.), DEWHIRST (F.E.) and FOX (J.G.): Helicobacter nemestrinae ATCC 49396T is a strain of Helicobacter pylori (Marshall et al. 1985) Goodwin et al. 1989, and Helicobacter nemestrinae Brondson et al. 1991 is therefore a junior heterotypic synonym of Helicobacter pylori. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2002, 52, 437-439.
Original article by Suerbaum et al. 2002 in IJSEM Online
2 ON (S.L.W.): International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Campylobacter and related bacteria. Minutes of the meeting, 31 July 2002, Paris, France. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2004, 54, 291-292.
Minutes of the meeting, 31 July 2002, Paris in IJSEM Online
Helicobacter rodentium Shen et al. 1997, sp. nov.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain MIT 95-1707 = ATCC 700285.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: U96296.
Etymology: N.L. plur. gen. n. rodentium (from L. part. adj. rodens -entis, gnawing), of rodents, of gnawing animals, referring to the first reported source (mice).
Reference: SHEN (Z.), FOX (J.G.), DEWHIRST (F.E.), PASTER (B.J.), FOLTZ (C.J.), YAN (L.), SHAMES (B.) and PERRY (L.): Helicobacter rodentium sp. nov., a urease-negative Helicobacter species isolated from laboratory mice. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1997, 47, 627-634.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Helicobacter salomonis Jalava et al. 1997, sp. nov.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain Inkinen = CCUG 37845 = CIP 105607.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: U89351.
Etymology: N.L. gen. n. salomonis, of Salomon, named in honor of Hugo Salomon, a German scientist who was one of the first workers to describe three morphologically distinct spiral organisms in canine gastric mucosa.
Reference: JALAVA (K.), KAARTINEN (M.), UTRIAINEN (M.), HAPPONEN (I.) and HÄNNINEN (M.L.): Helicobacter salomonis sp. nov., a canine gastric Helicobacter sp. related to Helicobacter felis and Helicobacter bizzozeronii. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1997, 47, 975-982.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Helicobacter suis Baele et al. 2008, sp. nov.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain HS1 = DSM 19735 = LMG 23995.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: EF204589.
Etymology: L. n. sus, pig; L. gen. n. suis, of a pig.
Reference: BAELE (M.), DECOSTERE (A.), VANDAMME (P.), CEELEN (L.), HELLEMANS (A.), MAST (J.), CHIERS (K.), DUCATELLE (R.) and HAESEBROUCK (F.): Isolation and characterization of Helicobacter suis sp. nov. from pig stomachs. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2008, 58, 1350-1358.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Note: Helicobacter suis Baele et al. 2008 was formerly described as ¤ "Candidatus Helicobacter suis" De Groote et al. 1999.
Helicobacter trogontum Mendes et al. 1996, sp. nov.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain LRB 8581 = ATCC 700114 = CCUG 49050.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: U65103.
Etymology: Gr. part. adj. trogon trogontos (from Gr. v. trôgô, to gnaw), gnawing; N.L. gen. pl. n. trogontum, of gnawing animals, referring to source of first isolation.
Reference: MENDES (E.N.), QUEIROZ (D.M.M.), DEWHIRST (F.E.), PASTER (B.J.), MOURA (S.B.) and FOX (J.G.): Helicobacter trogontum sp. nov., isolated from the rat intestine. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1996, 46, 916-921.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Note: Helicobacter trogontum Mendes et al. 1996 was previously known as "Flexispira" taxon 6. This taxon also encompasses "Flexispira" taxon 1, "Flexispira" taxon 4, "Flexispira" taxon 5 and Finnish porcine Helicobacter isolates.
Reference: HÄNNINEN (M.L.), UTRIAINEN (M.), HAPPONEN (I.) and DEWHIRST (F.E.): Helicobacter sp. flexispira 16S rDNA taxa 1, 4 and 5 and Finnish porcine Helicobacter isolates are members of the species Helicobacter trogontum (taxon 6). Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2003, 53, 425-433.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Helicobacter typhlonius Franklin et al. 2002, sp. nov.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain MIT 97-6810 = ATCC BAA-367 = CIP 107792 = CCUG 48335.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: AF127912.
Etymology: Gr. n. tuphlôn, cecum; L. masc. suff. -ius, suffix used with the sense of belonging to; N.L. masc. adj. typhlonius, belonging to the cecum, site of original isolation.
References: VALIDATION LIST N° 85. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2002, 52, 685-690. [FRANKLIN (C.L.), GORELICK (P.L.), RILEY (L.K.), DEWHIRST (F.E.), LIVINGSTON (R.S.), WARD (J.M.), BECKWITH (C.S.) and FOX (J.G.): Helicobacter typhlonius sp. nov., a novel murine urease-negative Helicobacter species. J. Clin. Microbiol., 2001, 39, 3920-3926.]
Validation List N° 85 in IJSEM Online (PDF Format) - Effective publication Online
Notes:
1 Helicobacter typhlonius Franklin et al. 2002 was previously known as "Helicobacter typhlonicus" Franklin et al. 1999.
Franklin et al. 2001 [1] wrote: "... Franklin et al. [2] described a disease syndrome characterized by proliferative typhlocolitis in C.B-17 scid/scid mice naturally and experimentally infected with a novel species of Helicobacter that was provisionally named "Helicobacter typhlonicus". ... In this report, we propose to use the more appropriate neo-Latin adjective "typhlonius" and formally name this novel helicobacter Helicobacter typhlonius".
References:
1 FRANKLIN (C.L.), GORELICK (P.L.), RILEY (L.K.), DEWHIRST (F.E.), LIVINGSTON (R.S.), WARD (J.M.), BECKWITH (C.S.) and FOX (J.G.): Helicobacter typhlonius sp. nov., a novel murine urease-negative Helicobacter species. J. Clin. Microbiol., 2001, 39, 3920-3926.
Original article Online
2 FRANKLIN (C.L.), RILEY (L.K.), LIVINGSTON (R.S.), BECKWITH (C.S.), HOOK Jr (R.R.), BESCH-WILLIFORD (C.L.), HUNZIKER (R.) and GORELICK (P.L.): Enteritic lesions in SCID mice infected with "Helicobacter typhlonicus", a novel urease-negative Helicobacter species. Lab. Anim. Sci., 1999, 49, 496-505.
2 According to Rules 27(3) and 30, this name is not validly published, because the original publication makes reference to the deposit of the type strain in a single recognized culture collection. However, according to the Judicial Opinion 81, Helicobacter typhlonius Franklin et al. 2002 is considered to be validly published, since deposit in a second culture collection in a different country has been documented.
References:
1 EUZÉBY (J.P.) and TINDALL (B.J.): Status of strains that contravene Rules 27(3) and 30 of the Bacteriological Code. Request for an Opinion. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2004, 54, 293-301.
Original article in IJSEM Online
2 JUDICIAL COMMISSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON SYSTEMATICS OF PROKARYOTES: Status of strains that contravene Rules 27 (3) and 30 of the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria. Opinion 81. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2008, 58, 1755-1763.
Opinion 81 in IJSEM Online
Copyright © J.P. Euzéby
The information on this page may not be reproduced, republished or mirrored on another webpage or website.
See, Legal rights and disclaimers