Photorhabdus

J.P. Euzéby: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature - Genus Photorhabdus

Warning: In the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature, an arrow (--->) only indicates the sequence of valid publication of names and does not mean that the last name in the sequence must be used (see: Introduction).

Number of species cited in this file: 3
Number of subspecies cited in this file: 9

Classification (Warning: see also the file "Classification of prokaryotes: Introduction").

Photorhabdus Boemare et al. 1993, gen. nov.
Type species: ¤ Photorhabdus luminescens (Thomas and Poinar 1979) Boemare et al. 1993.
Etymology: Gr. n. phos photos, light; Gr. fem. n. rhabdos, rod; N.L. fem. n. Photorhabdus, bioluminescent rod-shaped bacterium.
Reference: BOEMARE (N.E.), AKHURST (R.J.) and MOURANT (R.G.): DNA relatedness between Xenorhabdus spp. (Enterobacteriaceae), symbiotic bacteria of entomopathogenic nematodes, and a proposal to transfer Xenorhabdus luminescens to a new genus, Photorhabdus gen. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1993, 43, 249-255.
Original article in IJSEM Online

Photorhabdus asymbiotica Fischer-Le Saux et al. 1999, sp. nov.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain 3265-86 = ATCC 43950 = CIP 106331 = DSM 15149.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: Z76755.
Etymology: Gr. pref. a, not; N.L. fem. adj. symbiotica (from Gr. n. sumbios, a companion, partner) living together; N.L. fem. adj. asymbiotica, not symbiotic.
Reference: FISCHER-LE SAUX (M.), VIALLARD (V.), BRUNEL (B.), NORMAND (P.) and BOEMARE (N.E.): Polyphasic classification of the genus Photorhabdus and proposal of new taxa: P. luminescens subsp. luminescens subsp. nov., P. luminescens subsp. akhurstii subsp. nov., P. luminescens subsp. laumondii subsp. nov., P. temperata sp. nov., P. temperata subsp. temperata subsp. nov. and P. asymbiotica sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1999, 49, 1645-1656.
Original article in IJSEM Online

---> Photorhabdus asymbiotica Fischer-Le Saux et al. 1999 emend. Akhurst et al. 2004.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain 3265-86 = ATCC 43950 = CIP 106331 = DSM 15149.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: Z76755.
Etymology: Gr. pref. a, not; N.L. fem. adj. symbiotica (from Gr. n. sumbios, a companion, partner) living together; N.L. fem. adj. asymbiotica, not symbiotic.
Reference: AKHURST (R.J.), BOEMARE (N.E.), JANSSEN (P.H.), PEEL (M.M.), ALFREDSON (D.A.) and BEARD (C.E.): Taxonomy of Australian clinical isolates of the genus Photorhabdus and proposal of Photorhabdus asymbiotica subsp. asymbiotica subsp. nov. and P. asymbiotica subsp. australis subsp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2004, 54, 1301-1310.
Original article in IJSEM Online

Note: Subsequently, this species has been divided into subspecies (see: below).

Photorhabdus asymbiotica subsp. asymbiotica Fischer-Le Saux et al. 1999, subsp. nov.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain 3265-86 = ATCC 43950 = CIP 106331 = DSM 15149.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: Z76755.
Etymology: Gr. pref. a, not; N.L. fem. adj. symbiotica (from Gr. n. sumbios, a companion, partner) living together; N.L. fem. adj. asymbiotica, not symbiotic.
Reference: AKHURST (R.J.), BOEMARE (N.E.), JANSSEN (P.H.), PEEL (M.M.), ALFREDSON (D.A.) and BEARD (C.E.): Taxonomy of Australian clinical isolates of the genus Photorhabdus and proposal of Photorhabdus asymbiotica subsp. asymbiotica subsp. nov. and P. asymbiotica subsp. australis subsp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2004, 54, 1301-1310.
Original article in IJSEM Online

Photorhabdus asymbiotica subsp. australis Akhurst et al. 2004, subsp. nov.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain 9802892 = ACM 5210 = CIP 108025.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: AY280572.
Etymology: L. fem. adj. australis, southern; this subspecies was detected in the southern hemisphere.
Reference: AKHURST (R.J.), BOEMARE (N.E.), JANSSEN (P.H.), PEEL (M.M.), ALFREDSON (D.A.) and BEARD (C.E.): Taxonomy of Australian clinical isolates of the genus Photorhabdus and proposal of Photorhabdus asymbiotica subsp. asymbiotica subsp. nov. and P. asymbiotica subsp. australis subsp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2004, 54, 1301-1310.
Original article in IJSEM Online

Photorhabdus luminescens (Thomas and Poinar 1979) Boemare et al. 1993, comb. nov. (Type species of the genus).
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain Hb = ATCC 29999 = CIP 106429 = DSM 3368.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: X82248.
Basonym: ¤ Xenorhabdus luminescens Thomas and Poinar 1979 (Approved Lists 1980).
Etymology: N.L. part. adj. luminescens, luminescing, named for its luminescence.
Reference: BOEMARE (N.E.), AKHURST (R.J.) and MOURANT (R.G.): DNA relatedness between Xenorhabdus spp. (Enterobacteriaceae), symbiotic bacteria of entomopathogenic nematodes, and a proposal to transfer Xenorhabdus luminescens to a new genus, Photorhabdus gen. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1993, 43, 249-255.
Original article in IJSEM Online

Note: In the paper by Boemare et al. 1993, Photorhabdus luminescens is cited as Photorhabdus luminescens (Poinar and Thomas 1979) (sic) Boemare et al. 1993.

---> Photorhabdus luminescens (Thomas and Poinar 1979) Boemare et al. 1993 emend. Fischer-Le Saux et al. 1999.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain Hb = ATCC 29999 = CIP 106429 = DSM 3368.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: X82248.
Basonym: ¤ Xenorhabdus luminescens Thomas and Poinar 1979 (Approved Lists 1980).
Etymology: N.L. part. adj. luminescens, luminescing, named for its luminescence.
Reference: FISCHER-LE SAUX (M.), VIALLARD (V.), BRUNEL (B.), NORMAND (P.) and BOEMARE (N.E.): Polyphasic classification of the genus Photorhabdus and proposal of new taxa: P. luminescens subsp. luminescens subsp. nov., P. luminescens subsp. akhurstii subsp. nov., P. luminescens subsp. laumondii subsp. nov., P. temperata sp. nov., P. temperata subsp. temperata subsp. nov. and P. asymbiotica sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1999, 49, 1645-1656.
Original article in IJSEM Online

Note: Subsequently, this species has been divided into subspecies (see: below).

Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. akhurstii Fischer-Le Saux et al. 1999, subsp. nov.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain FRG04 = CIP 105564 = DSM 15138.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: AJ007359.
Etymology: N.L. gen. masc. n. akhurstii, of Akhurst, named after Dr. R. Akhurst, a major contributor to the bacteriological symbionts of entomopathogenic nematodes.
Reference: FISCHER-LE SAUX (M.), VIALLARD (V.), BRUNEL (B.), NORMAND (P.) and BOEMARE (N.E.): Polyphasic classification of the genus Photorhabdus and proposal of new taxa: P. luminescens subsp. luminescens subsp. nov., P. luminescens subsp. akhurstii subsp. nov., P. luminescens subsp. laumondii subsp. nov., P. temperata sp. nov., P. temperata subsp. temperata subsp. nov. and P. asymbiotica sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1999, 49, 1645-1656.
Original article in IJSEM Online

Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. kayaii Hazir et al. 2004, subsp. nov.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain 1121 = DSM 15194 = NCIMB 13951.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: AJ560630.
Etymology: N.L. gen. masc. n. kayaii, of Kaya, to honour Harry K. Kaya for his scientific contributions to the biology of entomopathogenic nematodes and biological control agents.
References: VALIDATION LIST N° 98. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2004, 54, 1005-1006. [HAZIR (S.), STACKEBRANDT (E.), LANG (E.), SCHUMANN (P.), EHLERS (R.U.) and KESKIN (N.): Two new subspecies of Photorhabdus luminescens, isolated from Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae): Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. kayaii subsp. nov. and Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. thracensis subsp. nov. Syst. Appl. Microbiol., 2004, 27, 36-42.]
Validation List N° 98 in IJSEM Online - Effective publication Online

Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. laumondii Fischer-Le Saux et al. 1999, subsp. nov.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain TT01 = CIP 105565 = DSM 15139.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: AJ007404.
Etymology: N.L. gen. masc. n. laumondii, of Laumond, named after Dr. C. Laumond, a major contributor to the use of entomopathogenic nematode/bacterial complexes for insect pest control.
Reference: FISCHER-LE SAUX (M.), VIALLARD (V.), BRUNEL (B.), NORMAND (P.) and BOEMARE (N.E.): Polyphasic classification of the genus Photorhabdus and proposal of new taxa: P. luminescens subsp. luminescens subsp. nov., P. luminescens subsp. akhurstii subsp. nov., P. luminescens subsp. laumondii subsp. nov., P. temperata sp. nov., P. temperata subsp. temperata subsp. nov. and P. asymbiotica sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1999, 49, 1645-1656.
Original article in IJSEM Online

Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. luminescens (Thomas and Poinar 1979) Boemare et al. 1993, subsp. nov.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain Hb = ATCC 29999 = CIP 106429 = DSM 3368.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: X82248.
Etymology: N.L. part. adj. luminescens, luminescing, named for its luminescence.
Reference: FISCHER-LE SAUX (M.), VIALLARD (V.), BRUNEL (B.), NORMAND (P.) and BOEMARE (N.E.): Polyphasic classification of the genus Photorhabdus and proposal of new taxa: P. luminescens subsp. luminescens subsp. nov., P. luminescens subsp. akhurstii subsp. nov., P. luminescens subsp. laumondii subsp. nov., P. temperata sp. nov., P. temperata subsp. temperata subsp. nov. and P. asymbiotica sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1999, 49, 1645-1656.
Original article in IJSEM Online

Note: The subspecies name Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. luminescens (Thomas and Poinar 1979) Boemare et al. 1993 is automatically created by the valid publication of ¤ Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. akhurstii Fischer-Le Saux et al. 1999, and the valid publication of ¤ Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. laumondii Fischer-Le Saux et al. 1999 [Rule 40d (formerly Rule 46)].

Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. thracensis Hazir et al. 2004, subsp. nov.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain 39-8 = DSM 15199 = NCIMB 13952.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: AJ560634.
Etymology: L. fem. adj. thracensis, referring to Thracia, Thrace, Western part of Turkey from which the type strain has been isolated.
References: VALIDATION LIST N° 98. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2004, 54, 1005-1006. [HAZIR (S.), STACKEBRANDT (E.), LANG (E.), SCHUMANN (P.), EHLERS (R.U.) and KESKIN (N.): Two new subspecies of Photorhabdus luminescens, isolated from Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae): Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. kayaii subsp. nov. and Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. thracensis subsp. nov. Syst. Appl. Microbiol., 2004, 27, 36-42.]
Validation List N° 98 in IJSEM Online - Effective publication Online

Photorhabdus temperata Fischer-Le Saux et al. 1999, sp. nov.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain XlNach = CIP 105563.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: AJ007405.
Etymology: L. fem. part. adj. temperata, moderate, because this species grows at moderate temperatures.
Reference: FISCHER-LE SAUX (M.), VIALLARD (V.), BRUNEL (B.), NORMAND (P.) and BOEMARE (N.E.): Polyphasic classification of the genus Photorhabdus and proposal of new taxa: P. luminescens subsp. luminescens subsp. nov., P. luminescens subsp. akhurstii subsp. nov., P. luminescens subsp. laumondii subsp. nov., P. temperata sp. nov., P. temperata subsp. temperata subsp. nov. and P. asymbiotica sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1999, 49, 1645-1656.
Original article in IJSEM Online

Note: Subsequently, this species has been divided into subspecies (see: below).

Photorhabdus temperata subsp. cinerea Tóth and Lakatos 2008, subsp. nov.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain 3107 = DSM 19724 = NCAIM B 02271.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: EU136626.
Etymology: L. fem. adj. cinerea, resembling ashes, because this subspecies produces a grey pigment that colours the growing medium and infected insects.
Reference: TÓTH (T.) and LAKATOS (T.): Photorhabdus temperata subsp. cinerea subsp. nov., isolated from Heterorhabditis nematodes. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2008, 58, 2579-2581.
Original article in IJSEM Online

Photorhabdus temperata subsp. temperata Fischer-Le Saux et al. 1999, subsp. nov.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain XlNach = CIP 105563.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: AJ007405.
Etymology: L. fem. part. adj. temperata, moderate, because this species grows at moderate temperatures
Reference: TÓTH (T.) and LAKATOS (T.): Photorhabdus temperata subsp. cinerea subsp. nov., isolated from Heterorhabditis nematodes. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2008, 58, 2579-2581.
Original article in IJSEM Online

Note: Photorhabdus temperata subsp. temperata Fischer-Le Saux et al. 1999 was first proposed by Fischer-Le Saux et al. in 1999 [1]. This subspecies name was illegitimate because it was the only named subspecies in the species Photorhabdus temperata Fischer-Le Saux et al. 1999. Later, Tóth and Lakatos [2] proposed the subspecies Photorhabdus temperata subsp. cinerea Tóth and Lakatos 2008. According to Rule 40d (formerly Rule 46) of the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision), the valid publication of Photorhabdus temperata subsp. cinerea automatically creates another subspecies, Photorhabdus temperata subsp. temperata Fischer-Le Saux et al. 1999.
References:
1 FISCHER-LE SAUX (M.), VIALLARD (V.), BRUNEL (B.), NORMAND (P.) and BOEMARE (N.E.): Polyphasic classification of the genus Photorhabdus and proposal of new taxa: P. luminescens subsp. luminescens subsp. nov., P. luminescens subsp. akhurstii subsp. nov., P. luminescens subsp. laumondii subsp. nov., P. temperata sp. nov., P. temperata subsp. temperata subsp. nov. and P. asymbiotica sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1999, 49, 1645-1656.
Original article in IJSEM Online
2 TÓTH (T.) and LAKATOS (T.): Photorhabdus temperata subsp. cinerea subsp. nov., isolated from Heterorhabditis nematodes. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2008, 58, 2579-2581.
Original article in IJSEM Online