Spirochaeta

J.P. Euzéby: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature - Genus Spirochaeta

Warning: In the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature, an arrow (--->) only indicates the sequence of valid publication of names and does not mean that the last name in the sequence must be used (see: Introduction).

Number of species cited in this file: 19
Number of subspecies cited in this file: 2

Classification (Warning: see also the file "Classification of prokaryotes: Introduction").

Spirochaeta Ehrenberg 1835, genus. (Type genus of the order ¤ Spirochaetales Buchanan 1917 [Approved Lists 1980]; type genus of the family ¤ Spirochaetaceae Swellengrebel 1907 [Approved Lists 1980]).
Type species: ¤ Spirochaeta plicatilis Ehrenberg 1835 (Approved Lists 1980).
Synonyms: "Spirochoeta" Dujardin 1841 (orthographic variant of Spirochaeta), "Spirochaete" Cohn 1872 (orthographic variant of Spirochaeta), "Ehrenbergia" Gieszczykiewiez 1939.
Etymology: Gr. n. speira (Latin transliteration spira), a coil; Gr. fem. n. chaitê (Latin transliteration chaeta), hair; N.L. fem. n. Spirochaeta, coiled hair.
References: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420 (Approved Lists of Bacterial Names in IJSEM Online - Approved Lists of Bacterial Names Amended edition). [EHRENBERG (C.G.): Dritter Beitrag zur Erkenntniss grosser Organisation in der Richtung des kleinsten Raumes. Abhandlungen der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (Berlin) aus den Jahre 1833-1835, pp. 143-336.]

Note: Canale-Parola requested that ¤ Spirochaeta stenostrepta replace ¤ Spirochaeta plicatilis as the type species of the genus Spirochaeta, because no culture of Spirochaeta plicatilis exists. Rule 18a of the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision) does permit a description to serve in place of a type culture. Therefore the Judicial Commission voted to deny the action proposed.
References:
1 CANALE-PAROLA (E.): Proposal that Spirochaeta stenostrepta Zuelzer replace Spirochaeta plicatilis Ehrenberg as the type spcies of the genus Spirochaeta Ehrenberg. Request for an Opinion. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1981, 31, 105-106.
Original article in IJSEM Online
2 WAYNE (L.G.): Actions of the Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology on requests for opinions published between July 1979 and April 1981. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1982, 32, 464-465.
Original article in IJSEM Online
3 JUDICIAL COMMISSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY: Minutes of the meeting, 6 August 1982, Boston, Massachusetts. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1986, 36, 577-578.
Original article in IJSEM Online
4 JUDICIAL COMMISSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY: Minutes of the Meeting, 5 September 1986, Manchester, United Kingdom. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1987, 37, 85-87.
Original article in IJSEM Online

---> Spirochaeta Ehrenberg 1835 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. Pikuta et al. 2009.
Type species: ¤ Spirochaeta plicatilis Ehrenberg 1835 (Approved Lists 1980).
Synonyms: "Spirochoeta" Dujardin 1841 (orthographic variant of Spirochaeta), "Spirochaete" Cohn 1872 (orthographic variant of Spirochaeta), "Ehrenbergia" Gieszczykiewiez 1939.
Etymology: Gr. n. speira (Latin transliteration spira), a coil; Gr. fem. n. chaitê (Latin transliteration chaeta), hair; N.L. fem. n. Spirochaeta, coiled hair.
Reference: PIKUTA (E.V.), HOOVER (R.B.), BEJ (A.K.), MARSIC (D.), WHITMAN (W.B.) and KRADER (P.): Spirochaeta dissipatitropha sp. nov., an alkaliphilic, obligately anaerobic bacterium, and emended description of the genus Spirochaeta Ehrenberg 1835. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2009, 59, 1798-1804.
Original article in IJSEM Online

Spirochaeta africana Zhilina et al. 1996, sp. nov.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain Z-7692 = ATCC 700263 = DSM 8902.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: X93928.
Etymology: L. fem. adj. africana, of Africa, found in African alkaline Lake Magadi.
Reference: ZHILINA (T.N.), ZAVARZIN (G.A.), RAINEY (F.), KEVBRIN (V.V.), KOSTRIKINA (N.A.) and LYSENKO (A.M.): Spirochaeta alkalica sp. nov., Spirochaeta africana sp. nov., and Spirochaeta asiatica sp. nov., alkaliphilic anaerobes from the continental soda lakes in Central Asia and the East African Rift. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1996, 46, 305-312.
Original article in IJSEM Online

Spirochaeta alkalica Zhilina et al. 1996, sp. nov.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain Z-7491 = ATCC 700262 = DSM 8900.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: X93927.
Etymology: N.L. n. alkali (from Arabic al-qalyi, the ashes of saltwort), soda ash; L. fem. suff. -ica, suffix used with the sense of pertaining to; N.L. fem. adj. alkalica, intended to mean alkaline, developing in the alkaline medium.
Reference: ZHILINA (T.N.), ZAVARZIN (G.A.), RAINEY (F.), KEVBRIN (V.V.), KOSTRIKINA (N.A.) and LYSENKO (A.M.): Spirochaeta alkalica sp. nov., Spirochaeta africana sp. nov., and Spirochaeta asiatica sp. nov., alkaliphilic anaerobes from the continental soda lakes in Central Asia and the East African Rift. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1996, 46, 305-312.
Original article in IJSEM Online

Spirochaeta americana Hoover et al. 2003, sp. nov.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain ASpG1 = ATCC BAA-392 = DSM 14872.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: AF373921.
Etymology: N.L. fem. adj. americana, of American continent, isolated from soda Mono Lake, California, USA.
Reference: HOOVER (R.B.), PIKUTA (E.V.), BEJ (A.K.), MARSIC (D.), WHITMAN (W.B.), TANG (J.) and KRADER (P.): Spirochaeta americana sp. nov., a new haloalkaliphilic, obligately anaerobic spirochaete isolated from soda Mono Lake in California. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2003, 53, 815-821.
Original article in IJSEM Online

Spirochaeta asiatica Zhilina et al. 1996, sp. nov.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain Z-7591 = ATCC 700261 = DSM 8901.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: X93926.
Etymology: L. fem. adj. asiatica, Asiatic, of or belonging to the Asian continent, in the central part of which the organism was found.
Reference: ZHILINA (T.N.), ZAVARZIN (G.A.), RAINEY (F.), KEVBRIN (V.V.), KOSTRIKINA (N.A.) and LYSENKO (A.M.): Spirochaeta alkalica sp. nov., Spirochaeta africana sp. nov., and Spirochaeta asiatica sp. nov., alkaliphilic anaerobes from the continental soda lakes in Central Asia and the East African Rift. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1996, 46, 305-312.
Original article in IJSEM Online

Spirochaeta aurantia (ex Vinzent 1926) Canale-Parola 1980, sp. nov., nom. rev.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain J1 = ATCC 25082 = DSM 1902.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: M57740 (type strain ATCC 25082), FR749896 (type strain DSM 1902).
Synonym: "Spirochaeta aurantia" Vinzent 1926.
Etymology: N.L. fem. adj. aurantia, orange colored.
Reference: CANALE-PAROLA (E.): Revival of the names Spirochaeta litoralis, Spirochaeta zuelzerae, and Spirochaeta aurantia. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 594.
Original article in IJSEM Online

Note: Subsequently, this species has been divided into subspecies (see: below).

Spirochaeta aurantia subsp. aurantia (Canale-Parola 1980) Canale-Parola 1984, subsp. nov.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain J1 = ATCC 25082 = DSM 1902.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: M57740 (type strain ATCC 25082), FR749896 (type strain DSM 1902).
Etymology: N.L. fem. adj. aurantia, orange colored.
Reference: MOORE (W.E.C.), CATO (E.P.) and MOORE (L.V.H.): Index of the bacterial and yeast nomenclatural changes published in the International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology since the 1980 Approved Lists of bacterial names (1 January 1980 to 1 January 1985). Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1985, 35, 382-407.
Original article in IJSEM Online

Notes:
1 The original autorship, (ex Vinzent 1926) Canale-Parola 1980, was corrected according to the new Rule 40d.
Reference: GARRITY (G.M.), LABEDA (D.P.) and OREN (A.): Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes. XIIth International (IUMS) Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology. Minutes of the meetings, 3, 4 and 6 August 2008, Istanbul, Turkey. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2011, 61, 2775-2780.
Original article in IJSEM Online
2 The subspecies name Spirochaeta aurantia subsp. aurantia (Canale-Parola 1980) Canale-Parola 1984 is automatically created by the valid publication of Spirochaeta aurantia subsp. stricta Canale-Parola 1984 [Rule 40d (formerly Rule 46)].

Spirochaeta aurantia subsp. stricta Canale-Parola 1984, subsp. nov.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain J4T.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: not found.
Etymology: L. fem. part. adj. stricta (from L. v. stringo), drawn tight.
References: VALIDATION LIST N° 15. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1984, 34, 355-357. [CANALE-PAROLA (E.): Genus Spirochaeta. In: N.R. KRIEG and J.G. HOLT (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, first edition, vol. 1, The Williams & Wilkins Co, Baltimore, 1984, pp. 39-46.]
Validation List N° 15 in IJSEM Online

Spirochaeta bajacaliforniensis Fracek and Stolz 2004, sp. nov.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain BA-2 = ATCC 35968 = DSM 16054.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: AJ698859.
Etymology: N.L. fem. adj. bajacaliforniensis, of or pertaining to Baja California; named for the geographical location from where the type strain was isolated.
References: VALIDATION LIST N° 97. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2004, 54, 631-632. [FRACEK Jr. (S.P.) and STOLZ (J.F.): Spirochaeta bajacaliforniensis sp. n. from a microbial mat community at Laguna Figueroa, Baja California Norte, Mexico. Arch. Microbiol., 1985, 142, 317-325.]
Validation List N° 97 in IJSEM Online - Effective publication Online

Note: The designation of the type strain and culture collection accession numbers were provided on request for validation.
Reference: LISTS EDITOR, IJSEM: Validation list n° 97 (footnote ||). Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2004, 54, 631-632.
Validation List N° 97 in IJSEM Online

Spirochaeta caldaria Pohlschroeder et al. 1995, sp. nov.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain H1 = ATCC 51460 = DSM 7334.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: EU580141, CP002868 (complete genome).
Etymology: L. fem. adj. caldaria, pertaining to warm water; intended to mean inhabiting warm water.
References: VALIDATION LIST N° 55. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1995, 45, 879-880. [POHLSCHROEDER (M.), LESCHINE (S.B.) and CANALE-PAROLA (E.): Spirochaeta caldaria sp. nov., a thermophilic bacterium that enhances cellulose degradation by Clostridium thermocellum. Arch. Microbiol., 1994, 161, 17-24.]
Validation List N° 55 in IJSEM Online - Effective publication Online

Spirochaeta cellobiosiphila Breznak and Warnecke 2008, sp. nov.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain SIP1 = ATCC BAA-1285 = DSM 17781.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: EU448140.
Etymology: N.L. neut. n. cellobiosum, cellobiose; N.L. fem. adj. phila (from Gr. fem. adj. philê), friendly to, loving; N.L. fem. adj. cellobiosiphila, loving cellobiose (isolated from a microbial mat, Little Sippewissett salt marsh, Woods Hole, MA, USA).
Reference: BREZNAK (J.A.) and WARNECKE (F.): Spirochaeta cellobiosiphila sp. nov., a facultatively anaerobic, marine spirochaete. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2008, 58, 2762-2768.
Original article in IJSEM Online

Spirochaeta coccoides Dröge et al. 2006, sp. nov.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain SPN1 = DSM 17374 = ATCC BAA-1237.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: AJ698092, CP002659 (complete genome).
Etymology: Gr. n. kokkos, a berry; L. fem. suff. -oides [from Gr. suff. -eides (from Gr. n. eidos, that which is seen, form, shape, figure)], ressembling, similar; N.L. fem. adj. coccoides, berry-shaped.
References: VALIDATION LIST N° 110. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2006, 56, 1459-1460. [DRÖGE (S.), FRÖHLICH (J.), RADEK (R.) and KÖNIG (H.): Spirochaeta coccoides sp. nov., a novel coccoid spirochete from the hindgut of the termite Neotermes castaneus. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 2006, 72, 392-397.]
Validation List N° 110 in IJSEM Online - Effective publication Online

Spirochaeta dissipatitropha Pikuta et al. 2009, sp. nov.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain ASpC2 = ATCC BAA-1083 = JCM 12856.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: AY995150.
Etymology: L. part. adj. dissipatus, dissipated, dispersed; N.L. fem. adj. tropha (from Gr. adj. trophikos) nursing, tending; N.L. fem. adj. dissipatitropha, tending to dissipated products, pertaining to the ability to utilize dissipated products after primary anaerobes.
Reference: PIKUTA (E.V.), HOOVER (R.B.), BEJ (A.K.), MARSIC (D.), WHITMAN (W.B.) and KRADER (P.): Spirochaeta dissipatitropha sp. nov., an alkaliphilic, obligately anaerobic bacterium, and emended description of the genus Spirochaeta Ehrenberg 1835. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2009, 59, 1798-1804.
Original article in IJSEM Online

Spirochaeta halophila Greenberg and Canale-Parola 1977, species.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain RS1 = ATCC 29478 = DSM 10522.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: M88722.
Etymology: Gr. n. hals halos, salt; N.L. fem. adj. phila (from Gr. fem. adj. philê), friend, loving; N.L. fem. adj. halophila, salt-loving.
References: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420 (Approved Lists of Bacterial Names in IJSEM Online - Approved Lists of Bacterial Names Amended edition). [1 GREENBERG (E.P.) and CANALE-PAROLA (E.): Spirochaeta halophila sp. n., a facultative anaerobe from a high-salinity pond. Archives of Microbiology, 1976, 110, 185-194. 2 Announcement of the valid publication of new names and new combinations previously effectively published outside the IJSB. List n° 1. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 1977, 27, 306.]

Spirochaeta isovalerica Harwood and Canale-Parola 1983, sp. nov.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain MA-2 = ATCC 33939 = DSM 2461.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: M88720 (type strain MA-2), FR749930 (type strain DSM 2461, clone 1), FR749931 (type strain DSM 2461, clone 2).
Etymology: N.L. n. acidum isovalericum, isovaleric acid; N.L. fem. adj. isovalerica, intended to mean pertaining to isovaleric acid, the major acid formed as a fermentation product from branched-chain amino acids.
Reference: HARWOOD (C.S.) and CANALE-PAROLA (E.): Spirochaeta isovalerica sp. nov., a marine anaerobe that forms branched-chain fatty acids as fermentation products. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1983, 33, 573-579.
Original article in IJSEM Online

Spirochaeta litoralis (ex Hespell and Canale-Parola 1970) Canale-Parola 1980, sp. nov., nom. rev.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain R1 = ATCC 27000 = DSM 2029.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: FR733665.
Synonym: "Spirochaeta litoralis" Hespell and Canale-Parola 1970.
Etymology: L. fem. adj. litoralis, of or belonging to the sea-shore.
Reference: CANALE-PAROLA (E.): Revival of the names Spirochaeta litoralis, Spirochaeta zuelzerae, and Spirochaeta aurantia. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 594.
Original article in IJSEM Online

Spirochaeta perfilievii Dubinina et al. 2011, sp. nov.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain P = DSM 19205 = VKM B-2514.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: AY337318.
Etymology: N.L. gen. masc. n. perfilievii, of Perfil’ev, named after Professor B. V. Perfil’ev (1893–1974), the Russian microbiologist who discovered and described the ‘Thiodendron’ microbial mat.
Reference: DUBININA (G.), GRABOVICH (M.), LESHCHEVA (N.), RAINEY (F.A.) and GAVRISH (E.): Spirochaeta perfilievii sp. nov., an oxygen-tolerant, sulfide-oxidizing, sulfur- and thiosulfate-reducing spirochaete isolated from a saline spring. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2011, 61, 110-117.
Original article in IJSEM Online

Spirochaeta plicatilis Ehrenberg 1835, species. (Type species of the genus).
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): no culture available.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: not available.
Etymology: L. fem. adj. plicatilis, flexible, pliable.
References: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420 (Approved Lists of Bacterial Names in IJSEM Online - Approved Lists of Bacterial Names Amended edition). [EHRENBERG (C.G.): Dritter Beitrag zur Erkenntniss grosser Organisation in der Richtung des kleinsten Raumes. Abhandlungen der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (Berlin) aus den Jahre 1833-1835, 1835, pp. 143-336.]

Note: Canale-Parola requested that ¤ Spirochaeta stenostrepta replace Spirochaeta plicatilis as the type species of the genus Spirochaeta, because no culture of Spirochaeta plicatilis exists. Rule 18a of the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision) does permit a description to serve in place of a type culture. Therefore the Judicial Commission voted to deny the action proposed.
References:
1 CANALE-PAROLA (E.): Proposal that Spirochaeta stenostrepta Zuelzer replace Spirochaeta plicatilis Ehrenberg as the type spcies of the genus Spirochaeta Ehrenberg. Request for an Opinion. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1981, 31, 105-106.
Original article in IJSEM Online
2 WAYNE (L.G.): Actions of the Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology on requests for opinions published between July 1979 and April 1981. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1982, 32, 464-465.
Original article in IJSEM Online
3 JUDICIAL COMMISSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY: Minutes of the meeting, 6 August 1982, Boston, Massachusetts. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1986, 36, 577-578.
Original article in IJSEM Online
4 JUDICIAL COMMISSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY: Minutes of the Meeting, 5 September 1986, Manchester, United Kingdom. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1987, 37, 85-87.
Original article in IJSEM Online

Spirochaeta smaragdinae Magot et al. 1998, sp. nov.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain SEBR 4228 = DSM 11293 = JCM 15392.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: CP002116 (complete genome).
Etymology: L. masc. n. smaragdus, a green precious stone, emerald; L. adj. smaragdinus -a -um, of or belonging to the emerald; N.L. gen. n. smaragdinae, intended to mean from Emerald, the name of the oilfield in Congo, Central Africa.
References: VALIDATION LIST N° 67. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1998, 48, 1083-1084. [MAGOT (M.), FARDEAU (M.L.), ARNAULD (O.), LANAU (C.), OLLIVIER (B.), THOMAS (P.) and PATEL (B.K.C.): Spirochaeta smaragdinae sp. nov., a new mesophilic strictly anaerobic spirochete from an oil field. FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 1997, 155, 185-191.]
Validation List N° 67 in IJSEM Online - Effective publication Online

Spirochaeta stenostrepta Zuelzer 1912, species.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain ATCC 25083 = DSM 2028 = JCM 16534.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: FR733664.
Etymology: Gr. adj. stenos -ê -on, narrow; Gr. adj. streptos, pliant, bent; N.L. fem. adj. stenostrepta, tightly coiled.
References: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420 (Approved Lists of Bacterial Names in IJSEM Online - Approved Lists of Bacterial Names Amended edition). [ZUELZER (M.): Über Spirochaeta plicatilis Ehrenberg und deren Verwandtschaftsbeziehungen. Archiv fur Protistenkunde, 1912, 24, 1-59.]

Note: Canale-Parola requested that Spirochaeta stenostrepta replace ¤ Spirochaeta plicatilis as the type species of the genus Spirochaeta, because no culture of Spirochaeta plicatilis exists. Rule 18a of the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision) does permit a description to serve in place of a type culture. Therefore the Judicial Commission voted to deny the action proposed.
References:
1 CANALE-PAROLA (E.): Proposal that Spirochaeta stenostrepta Zuelzer replace Spirochaeta plicatilis Ehrenberg as the type spcies of the genus Spirochaeta Ehrenberg. Request for an Opinion. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1981, 31, 105-106.
Original article in IJSEM Online
2 WAYNE (L.G.): Actions of the Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology on requests for opinions published between July 1979 and April 1981. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1982, 32, 464-465.
Original article in IJSEM Online
3 JUDICIAL COMMISSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY: Minutes of the meeting, 6 August 1982, Boston, Massachusetts. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1986, 36, 577-578.
Original article in IJSEM Online
4 JUDICIAL COMMISSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY: Minutes of the Meeting, 5 September 1986, Manchester, United Kingdom. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1987, 37, 85-87.
Original article in IJSEM Online

Spirochaeta thermophila Aksenova et al. 1992, sp. nov.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain Z-1203 = ATCC 700085 = DSM 6578.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: FR749903, CP002903 (complete genome).
Etymology: Gr. n. thermê, heat; N.L. fem. adj. phila (from Gr. fem. adj. philê) loving; N.L. fem. adj. thermophila, heat-loving.
Reference: AKSENOVA (H.Y.), RAINEY (F.A.), JANSSEN (P.H.), ZAVARZIN (G.A.) and MORGAN (H.W.): Spirochaeta thermophila sp. nov., an obligately anaerobic, polysaccharolytic, extremely thermophilic bacterium. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1992, 42, 175-177.
Original article in IJSEM Online

Spirochaeta zuelzerae (ex Veldkamp 1960) Canale-Parola 1980, sp. nov., nom. rev.
Type strain (see also StrainInfo.net): strain ATCC 19044 = DSM 1903.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: FR749928 (type strain DSM 1903, clone 1), FR749929 (type strain DSM 1903, clone 2).
Synonyms: "Treponema zuelzerae" Veldkamp 1960, "Spirochaeta zuelzerae" (Veldkamp 1960) Canale-Parola, Udris and Mandel 1968.
Etymology: N.L. fem. gen. n. zuelzerae, of Zuelzer; named after Margarete Zuelzer, who described the occurrence of morphologically diverse spirochetes in sulfide-containing environments.
Reference: CANALE-PAROLA (E.): Revival of the names Spirochaeta litoralis, Spirochaeta zuelzerae, and Spirochaeta aurantia. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 594.
Original article in IJSEM Online